Location and Recognition
Saint-Louis Forts and Châteaux National Historic Site
Background
For more than 200 years of French and then English rule in Quebec, the Saint-Louis forts and châteaux served as the official residence and seat of power for most governors.
Founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, Quebec City was the capital of the French colony until 1759, when British troops conquered it. The city and the colony were brought into the British empire in 1763 by the treatise of Paris. Canada and the city of Quebec remained an English colony until the confederation of Canada in 1867.
Location of the forts and châteaux
Remnants of the Saint-Louis forts and châteaux are located at the top of the cliff overlooking the Saint Lawrence River, immediately beneath the Dufferin Terrace and next to the Château Frontenac. This is the heart of the Historic District of Old Quebec, which was included on UNESCO's list of world heritage sites in 1985.
Recognition of the forts and châteaux
In November 2001, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada recognized the national historic significance of the Saint-Louis forts and châteaux.
Timeline
The Forts , The Châteaux , The Gardens, and The Terraces
French Period 1608 to 1759 | ||
Champlain founds Quebec | 1608 | |
1620 | First fort and corps de logis (Champlain) | |
1626 | Second fort (Champlain) | |
The English occupy Quebec until 1632 | 1629 | |
1636 | Third fort (Huault de Montmagny) | |
1648 | First château (Huault de Montmagny) The upper garden is established |
|
New France becomes a royal colony | 1663 | |
Quebec is attacked by the English | 1690 | |
1692 | Fourth fort (Frontenac) | |
1694 | Second château (Frontenac) | |
1719 | Expansion of the second château | |
Expansion of the second château | 1755 | |
Military Regime 1759 to 1763 | ||
The English take Quebec | 1759 | |
Capitulation of New France | 1760 | |
British Period 1763 to 1867 | ||
The Treaty of Paris :France loses Canada and the Mississippi Royal Proclamation |
1763 | |
1766 | Major repairs to the second château (Murray) | |
Québec Act | 1774 | |
1784 | Château Haldimand (Haldimand) | |
The Constitutional Act created Upper and Lower Canada | 1791 | |
1808 | Repairs and upward expansion of the 2nd château (Craig) | |
1834 | Château Saint-Louis burns | |
Patriotes uprising | 1837 | |
1838 | Upper garden opened to the public First Durham Terrace |
|
Act of Union, Upper and Lower Canada | 1840 | |
1854 | Second Durham Terrace | |
Canadian period 1867 up to present | ||
Canadian confederation | 1867 | |
1879 | Dufferin Terrace |
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