Treaty 6

In 1876, many Plains Cree leaders entered into Treaty 6. The Plains Cree were strong negotiators. In exchange for sharing the land, Treaty 6 promises a medicine chest on each reserve, farming assistance, and help in the event of disease and/or famine. Lead Crown negotiator Alexander Morris was harshly criticized by his superiors for including these terms in the treaty.

Three years later, in 1879, Lucky Man and Little Pine signed Treaty. Big Bear signed in 1882. Indian Agents used the reserve system to break up the Plains Cree into many different small bands. Treaty 6, and its commitments, remain today, covering around 313,400 square kilometers. Dene, Woodland Cree, Plains Cree, Nakota, Saulteaux, and Métis peoples all live within this land.

Copy of Treaty No. 6 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Plain and Wood Cree Indians and other Tribes of Indians at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt and Battle River with Adhesions

Roger Duhame, F.R.S.C.
Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery
Ottawa, 1964

Cat. No.: R33-0664
IAND Publication No. QS-0574-000-EE-A-1

Treaty No. 6

ARTICLES OF A TREATY made and concluded near Carlton on the 23rd day of August and on the 28th day of said month, respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the 9th day of September, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, between Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, by Her Commissioners, the Honourable Alexander Morris, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Manitoba and the North-west Territories, and the Honourable James McKay, and the Honourable William Joseph Christie, of the one part, and the Plain and Wood Cree and the other Tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country within the limits hereinafter defined and described by their Chiefs, chosen and named as hereinafter mentioned, of the other part.

Whereas the Indians inhabiting the said country have, pursuant to an appointment made by the said Commissioners, been convened at meetings at Fort Carlton, Fort Pitt and Battle River, to deliberate upon certain matters of interest to Her Most Gracious Majesty, of the one part, and the said Indians of the other.

And whereas the said Indians have been notified and informed by Her Majesty's said Commissioners that it is the desire of Her Majesty to open up for settlement, immigration and such other purposes as to Her Majesty may seem meet, a tract of country bounded and described as hereinafter mentioned, and to obtain the consent thereto of Her Indian subjects inhabiting the said tract, and to make a treaty and arrange with them, so that there may be peace and good will between them and Her Majesty, and that they may know and be assured of what allowance they are to count upon and receive from Her Majesty's bounty and benevolence.

And whereas the Indians of the said tract, duly convened in council, as aforesaid, and being requested by Her Majesty's said Commissioners to name certain Chiefs and Headmen, who should be authorized on their behalf to conduct such negotiations and sign any treaty to be founded thereon, and to become responsible to Her Majesty for their faithful performance by their respective Bands of such obligations as shall be assumed by them, the said Indians have thereupon named for that purpose, that is to say, representing the Indians who make the treaty at Carlton, the several Chiefs and Councillors who have subscribed hereto, and representing the Indians who make the treaty at Fort Pitt, the several Chiefs and Councillors who have subscribed hereto.

And thereupon, in open council, the different Bands having presented their Chiefs to the said Commissioners as the Chiefs and Headmen, for the purposes aforesaid, of the respective Bands of Indians inhabiting the said district hereinafter described.

And whereas, the said Commissioners then and there received and acknowledged the persons so presented as Chiefs and Headmen, for the purposes aforesaid, of the respective Bands of Indians inhabiting the said district hereinafter described.

And whereas, the said Commissioners have proceeded to negotiate a treaty with the said Indians, and the same has been finally agreed upon and concluded, as follows, that is to say:

The Plain and Wood Cree Tribes of Indians, and all other the Indians inhabiting the district hereinafter described and defined, do hereby cede, release, surrender and yield up to the Government of the Dominion of Canada, for Her Majesty the Queen and Her successors forever, all their rights, titles and privileges, whatsoever, to the lands included within the following limits, that is to say:

Commencing at the mouth of the river emptying into the north-west angle of Cumberland Lake; thence westerly up the said river to its source; thence on a straight line in a westerly direction to the head of Green Lake; thence northerly to the elbow in the Beaver River; thence down the said river northerly to a point twenty miles from the said elbow; thence in a westerly direction, keeping on a line generally parallel with the said Beaver River (above the elbow), and about twenty miles distant therefrom, to the source of the said river; thence northerly to the north-easterly point of the south shore of Red Deer Lake, continuing westerly along the said shore to the western limit thereof; and thence due west to the Athabasca River; thence up the said river, against the stream, to the Jaspar House, in the Rocky Mountains; thence on a course south-easterly, following the easterly range of the mountains, to the source of the main branch of the Red Deer River; thence down the said river, with the stream, to the junction therewith of the outlet of the river, being the outlet of the Buffalo Lake; thence due east twenty miles; thence on a straight line south-eastwardly to the mouth of the said Red Deer River on the south branch of the Saskatchewan River; thence eastwardly and northwardly, following on the boundaries of the tracts conceded by the several treaties numbered four and five to the place of beginning.

And also, all their rights, titles and privileges whatsoever to all other lands wherever situated in the North-west Territories, or in any other Province or portion of Her Majesty's Dominions, situated and being within the Dominion of Canada.

The tract comprised within the lines above described embracing an area of 121,000 square miles, be the same more or less.

To have and to hold the same to Her Majesty the Queen and Her successors forever.

And Her Majesty the Queen hereby agrees and undertakes to lay aside reserves for farming lands, due respect being had to lands at present cultivated by the said Indians, and other reserves for the benefit of the said Indians, to be administered and dealt with for them by Her Majesty's Government of the Dominion of Canada; provided, all such reserves shall not exceed in all one square mile for each family of five, or in that proportion for larger or smaller families, in manner following, that is to say: that the Chief Superintendent of Indian Affairs shall depute and send a suitable person to determine and set apart the reserves for each band, after consulting with the Indians thereof as to the locality which may be found to be most suitable for them.

Provided, however, that Her Majesty reserves the right to deal with any settlers within the bounds of any lands reserved for any Band as She shall deem fit, and also that the aforesaid reserves of land, or any interest therein, may be sold or otherwise disposed of by Her Majesty's Government for the use and benefit of the said Indians entitled thereto, with their consent first had and obtained; and with a view to show the satisfaction of Her Majesty with the behaviour and good conduct of Her Indians, She hereby, through Her Commissioners, makes them a present of twelve dollars for each man, woman and child belonging to the Bands here represented, in extinguishment of all claims heretofore preferred.

And further, Her Majesty agrees to maintain schools for instruction in such reserves hereby made as to Her Government of the Dominion of Canada may seem advisable, whenever the Indians of the reserve shall desire it.

Her Majesty further agrees with Her said Indians that within the boundary of Indian reserves, until otherwise determined by Her Government of the Dominion of Canada, no intoxicating liquor shall be allowed to be introduced or sold, and all laws now in force, or hereafter to be enacted, to preserve Her Indian subjects inhabiting the reserves or living elsewhere within Her North-west Territories from the evil influence of the use of intoxicating liquors, shall be strictly enforced.

Her Majesty further agrees with Her said Indians that they, the said Indians, shall have right to pursue their avocations of hunting and fishing throughout the tract surrendered as hereinbefore described, subject to such regulations as may from time to time be made by Her Government of Her Dominion of Canada, and saving and excepting such tracts as may from time to time be required or taken up for settlement, mining, lumbering or other purposes by Her said Government of the Dominion of Canada, or by any of the subjects thereof duly authorized therefor by the said Government.

It is further agreed between Her Majesty and Her said Indians, that such sections of the reserves above indicated as may at any time be required for public works or buildings, of what nature soever, may be appropriated for that purpose by Her Majesty's Government of the Dominion of Canada, due compensation being made for the value of any improvements thereon.

And further, that Her Majesty's Commissioners shall, as soon as possible after the execution of this treaty, cause to be taken an accurate census of all the Indians inhabiting the tract above described, distributing them in families, and shall, in every year ensuing the date hereof, at some period in each year, to be duly notified to the Indians, and at a place or places to be appointed for that purpose within the territory ceded, pay to each Indian person the sum of $5 per head yearly.

It is further agreed between Her Majesty and the said Indians, that the sum of $1,500.00 per annum shall be yearly and every year expended by Her Majesty in the purchase of ammunition, and twine for nets, for the use of the said Indians, in manner following, that is to say: In the reasonable discretion, as regards the distribution thereof among the Indians inhabiting the several reserves, or otherwise, included herein, of Her Majesty's Indian Agent having the supervision of this treaty.

It is further agreed between Her Majesty and the said Indians, that the following articles shall be supplied to any Band of the said Indians who are now cultivating the soil, or who shall hereafter commence to cultivate the land, that is to say: Four hoes for every family actually cultivating; also, two spades per family as aforesaid: one plough for every three families, as aforesaid; one harrow for every three families, as aforesaid; two scythes and one whetstone, and two hay forks and two reaping hooks, for every family as aforesaid, and also two axes; and also one cross-cut saw, one hand-saw, one pit-saw, the necessary files, one grindstone and one auger for each Band; and also for each Chief for the use of his Band, one chest of ordinary carpenter's tools; also, for each Band, enough of wheat, barley, potatoes and oats to plant the land actually broken up for cultivation by such Band; also for each Band four oxen, one bull and six cows; also, one boar and two sows, and one hand-mill when any Band shall raise sufficient grain therefor. All the aforesaid articles to be given once and for all for the encouragement of the practice of agriculture among the Indians.

It is further agreed between Her Majesty and the said Indians, that each Chief, duly recognized as such, shall receive an annual salary of twenty-five dollars per annum; and each subordinate officer, not exceeding four for each Band, shall receive fifteen dollars per annum; and each such Chief and subordinate officer, as aforesaid, shall also receive once every three years, a suitable suit of clothing, and each Chief shall receive, in recognition of the closing of the treaty, a suitable flag and medal, and also as soon as convenient, one horse, harness and waggon.

That in the event hereafter of the Indians comprised within this treaty being overtaken by any pestilence, or by a general famine, the Queen, on being satisfied and certified thereof by Her Indian Agent or Agents, will grant to the Indians assistance of such character and to such extent as Her Chief Superintendent of Indian Affairs shall deem necessary and sufficient to relieve the Indians from the calamity that shall have befallen them.

That during the next three years, after two or more of the reserves hereby agreed to be set apart to the Indians shall have been agreed upon and surveyed, there shall be granted to the Indians included under the Chiefs adhering to the treaty at Carlton, each spring, the sum of one thousand dollars, to be expended for them by Her Majesty's Indian Agents, in the purchase of provisions for the use of such of the Band as are actually settled on the reserves and are engaged in cultivating the soil, to assist them in such cultivation.

That a medicine chest shall be kept at the house of each Indian Agent for the use and benefit of the Indians at the direction of such agent.

That with regard to the Indians included under the Chiefs adhering to the treaty at Fort Pitt, and to those under Chiefs within the treaty limits who may hereafter give their adhesion thereto (exclusively, however, of the Indians of the Carlton region), there shall, during three years, after two or more reserves shall have been agreed upon and surveyed be distributed each spring among the Bands cultivating the soil on such reserves, by Her Majesty's Chief Indian Agent for this treaty, in his discretion, a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars, in the purchase of provisions for the use of such members of the Band as are actually settled on the reserves and engaged in the cultivation of the soil, to assist and encourage them in such cultivation.

That in lieu of waggons, if they desire it and declare their option to that effect, there shall be given to each of the Chiefs adhering hereto at Fort Pitt or elsewhere hereafter (exclusively of those in the Carlton district), in recognition of this treaty, as soon as the same can be conveniently transported, two carts with iron bushings and tires.

And the undersigned Chiefs on their own behalf and on behalf of all other Indians inhabiting the tract within ceded, do hereby solemnly promise and engage to strictly observe this treaty, and also to conduct and behave themselves as good and loyal subjects of Her Majesty the Queen.

They promise and engage that they will in all respects obey and abide by the law, and they will maintain peace and good order between each other, and also between themselves and other tribes of Indians, and between themselves and others of Her Majesty's subjects, whether Indians or whites, now inhabiting or hereafter to inhabit any part of the said ceded tracts, and that they will not molest the person or property of any inhabitant of such ceded tracts, or the property of Her Majesty the Queen, or interfere with or trouble any person passing or travelling through the said tracts, or any part thereof, and that they will aid and assist the officers of Her Majesty in bringing to justice and punishment any Indian offending against the stipulations of this treaty, or infringing the laws in force in the country so ceded.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Her Majesty's said Commissioners and the said Indian Chiefs have hereunto subscribed and set their hands at or near Fort Carlton, on the days and year aforesaid, and near Fort Pitt on the day above aforesaid.

Signed by the Chiefs within, named in presence of the following witnesses, the same having been first read and explained by Peter Erasmus, Peter Ballendine, and the Rev. John McKay

Signed by
Alexander Morris, Lt. Governor of the Northwest Territories
James McKay, Indian Commissioner
W. J. Christie, Indian Commissioner

A. G. Jackes, MD
James Walker, NWMP
J. H. Mcillree
Pierre Levailler
Isidoire Dumond
Jean Dumond
Peter Hourie
François Gingras
J. B. Mitchell, Staff Constable, NWMP
J. H. Price, NWMP Hospital Steward
Xavier Letanger
William Sinclair
A. R. Kennedy
R. I. Pritchard
L. Clark
W. Mckay
W. D. Jarvis, Inspector, NWMP

Head Chiefs of the Carlton Indians
Mist-Ow-Asis
Ah-Twk-Uk-Koop

Chiefs
Pee-Yahw-Kah-Mihk-Oo-Sit
Ah-Yah-Tus-Kum-Ik-Im-Um
Kee-Too-Wa-Haw
Cha-Kas-Ta-Pay-Sin
John Smith
James Smith
Chip-Ee-Wayan

Councillors of Mist-ow-as-is
Massan
Pierre Cadien
[K]Oo-Yah-Tik-Wah-Paha
Mahs-Kee-To-Tim-Un

Councillors of Ah-tuk-uk-koop
Sah-Sah-Koo-Moos
Benjamin
Mee-Now-Ah-Chahk-Way
Kee-Sik-Ow-Asis

Councillors of Pee-yahn-kah-nihk-oo-sit
Pee-Took-Ah-Han-Ap-Ee-Gin-Ew
Pee-Ay-Chew
Tah-Wah-Pisk-Ee-Kahp-Pow
Ahs-Koos

Councillors of Kee-too-wa-han
Pet-E-Qua-Cay
Jean Baptiste
Isadore Wolfe
Kee-Koo-Hoss

Councillors of Ah-yah-tus-hum-ik-im-um
Oo-Sahn-Asku-Nukip
Yaw-Yaw-Loo-Way
Soo-Sou-Aim-Ee-Luahn
Nus-Yoh-Yak-Ee-Nah-Koos

Councillors of John Smith
Kah-Tip-Is-Kow-Aht
Kah-Kew-Ee-Kwahw-Ahs-Um
Nah-Pach
Mus-In-Ah-Ne-Him-Ahn

Councillors of Cha-kas-tay-pay-sue
William Badger
Benjamin Joyful
John Badger
James Bear

Councillors of James Smith
Bernard Constant
Henry Smyth
Ma-Tua-Ahs-Tim-Oo-We-Gin
Jacob Mclean

Councillors of Chipeewayan
Nah-Poo-Chee-Chees
Nah-Wis
Kah-Pah-Pah-Mah-Chahk- Nay
Kee-Yew-Ah-Kah-Pim-What

Signed by the Chiefs and Headmen of the Willow Indians near Fort Carlton, this 28th day of August 1876 AD, the same having been first read and explained by the Hon. James McKay and by Peter Erasumus, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses:

A. G. Jackes, MD.
Joseph Gruton
John A. Kerr
Pierre Laveiller
W. D. Jarvis, NWMP Inspector

Councillors
Nah-Wee-Kah-Nick-Kah-Oo-Tah-Mah-Hote,
(or Neh-Cha-Aw-Asis)
See-See-Quam-Ish
Nee-Too-Kee-Wee-Kah-Man

Joint Chiefs of the Willow Indians
Kah-Mee-Yis-Too-Way-Sit
Kah-Pay-Yak-Wahsk-Oo-Mum
See-See-Kwahn-Is

Councillors of Willow Indians
Kah-Nah-Kah-Skow-What
Kah-Ah-Tee-Koo-New
Kah-Nah-Mah-Chew
Moon-Oo-Yahs
Po-Min-Ah-Kaw
Oo-Tuk-Koo-Pah-Kah-May-Tou-May-Yet

Signed by Her Majesty’s Commissioners and by the Chiefs and Headmen hereafter subscribing hereto, the same having been first read and explained to the Indians by the Honourable James McKay and Peter Erasmus, near Fort Pitt, this 9th day of September 1876 AD, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses:

Alexander Morris, Lt. Gov. of the Northwest Territories
James McKay, Indian Commissioner
W. J. Christie, Indian Commissioner
A. G. Jackes, MD
James Mcleod, NWMP Commissioner
James Walker, NWMP Inspector
E. Dalrymple Clarke, NWMP
Vital J. St. Albert Bishop
Constantine Scollen, Priest
John Mcdougall, Methodist Missionary
John Mcelvey
W. E. Jones
Peter C. Pambron
A. R. Kennedy
Peter Erasmus
Thomas Mckay
James Simpson
Eliza Hardisty
Mary Mckay

Cree Chiefs
Wee-Kas-Koo-Kee-Pay-Yin
Pee-Yas-Ee-Wah-Kah-We-Cha-Koot
James Seenum
Oo-Nah-Lat-Mee-Nah-Hoos
See-Kahs-Kootch
Tus-Tusk-Ee-Skwais
Pee-Way-Sis,
Kee-Ye-Win
Chief Chipewayan
Kin-Oo-Say-Oo

Councillors of Wee-kas-koo- ke-say-yin
See-Was-Kwan
Wah-Way-See-Hoo-We-Yin

Councillors of Pee-yas-ee-wah-kah-wee-cha-koo
Tip-Ee-Skow-Ah-Chak
Pay-Pay-See-See-Moo

Councillors of See-kahs-kootch
Oo-Now-Uk-Ee-Pah-Chas
My-Oo-Way-Sees

Councillors of Tus-tuk-ee-skwais
Oos-Pwah-Khun-Is
Nee-Ye-Pes-Tay-As-Ee-Kayse

Councillors of Pee-way-sis
Mah-Chah-Mee-Nis
Isaac Cardinal

Councillor of Kin-oo-say-oo
Antoine Xavier

Councillor of James Seenum
William Bull

Councillor of See-kahs-kootch
Wah-Key-See-Koot

Councillors of Kee-ye-win
Charles Cardinal
Pierre Wahbiskaw

Councillors of Wee-kas-koo-kee-say-yin
Ki-Yas-Ee-Kun
Kah-Kee-Oo-Pah-Tow

Councillor of Oo-nah-tah-mee-nah-hoos
Cake-Cake

Councillor of James Seenum
Kam-Oo-Win

Councillor of See-Kahs-Kootch
Ah-Sis

Recorded 24th February, 1877.
Lib. 27, Fol. 352.
L. A. CATELLIER,
Deputy Registrar-General of Canada.

Adhesion By Cree Indians

We, the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen of the Cree and other Bands of Indians, having had communication of the treaty, a copy of which is printed in the report of the Minister of the Interior for the year ending 30th June, 1876, concluded at Forts Carlton and Pitt between the Indians inhabiting the country described in said treaty, and Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, by Her Commissioners, the Honourable Alexander Morris, Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the North-west Territories, the Honourable W.J. Christie and the Honourable James McKay, but not having been present when the negotiations were being conducted at the above mentioned places, do hereby for ourselves, and the Bands which we represent, agree to all the terms, conditions, covenants and engagements of whatever kind enumerated in the said treaty and accept the same as if we had been present, and had consented and agreed to the same when the treaty was first signed and executed.

Witness our hands at Fort Pitt, this ninth day of August, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.

Peter Erasmus
Roderick Campbell
M. G. Dickieson, Commissioner
Pay-Mo-Tay-Ah-Soo,
Kah-See-Mut-A-Poo,
Aah-Pay-Sis (Ke-Hi-Win’s Headman),

Signed at Edmonton this 21st day of August, in the year above written, by the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen, the whole having been first read and explained by Peter Erasmus, in the presence of:

Ric. Hardisty
H. Leduc
Peter Erasmus
W. D. Jarvis, NWMP Inspector
Alexis Kees-Kee-Chee-Chi, Chief
Oo-Mus-In-Ah-Soo-Wah-Sinee, Headman
Catchis-Tah-Way-Skum, Chief
Koo-Sah-Wan-As-Kay-O, Headman,
Pahs-Pahs-Chase
Tah-Kootch

Adhesion by Cree Indians

We, members of the Cree Tribe of Indians having had explained to us the terms of the treaty made and concluded near Carlton on the 23rd day of August, and on the 28th day of said month respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the 9th day of September, 1876, between Her Majesty the Queen, by the Commissioners duly appointed to negotiate the said treaty, and the Plain and Wood Cree and other Tribes of Indians, inhabiting the country within the limits defined in said treaty, but not having been present at the council at which the articles of the said treaty were agreed upon, do now hereby for ourselves and the Band which we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us and the Band which we represent, transfer, surrender, and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of the Government of the Dominion of Canada, all our right, title and interest whatsoever, which we and the said Band which we represent have held or enjoyed of, in and to the territory described, and fully set out in the said treaty, also, all our right, title and interest whatsoever to all other lands wherever situated, whether within the limits of any other treaty heretofore made, or hereafter to be made with Indians, or elsewhere in Her Majesty's territories, to have and to hold the same unto and for the use of her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.

And we hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians under the Chiefs adhering to the said treaty at Fort Pitt; and solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions therein contained, on the part of the Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and the Band which we represent had been originally contracting parties thereto, and been present at the councils held near Fort Pitt, and had there attached our signatures to the said treaty.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Her Majesty's Lieutenant-Governor and Indian Superintendent for the North-west Territories, and the Chief and Councillors of the Band hereby giving their adhesion to the said treaty, have hereunto subscribed and set theirs hand at the Blackfoot Crossing of the Bow River, this twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.

Signed by the parties hereto, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the same having been first explained to the Indians by the Rev. J. McDougall.
James F. McLeod, Lt-Col. Commissioner of the NWMP
Constantine Scollen
A. G. Irvine, Assistant NWMP Commissioner
J. McDougall, Missionary

David Laird, Lt. Gov and Indian Superintendent of the Northwest Territory
Kiskaquin or Short-Tail, Chief
Meminowataw or Sometimes-Glad, Councillor
Tchowek or Passing-Sound, Councillor

Recorded 26th January 1878.
Volume 27, Issue 519.
L.A. Catellier, Deputy Register General of Canada

Adhesion by Cree Indians

The undersigned Chiefs and Headmen of the Cree Nation having had communication of the treaty concluded between Her Majesty the Queen by Her Commissioners and certain Chiefs of the Cree Nation at Fort Pitt on the 9th day of September, 1876, agree to surrender our title to all the lands in the North-west Territories and to abide by all the promises set forth in the said treaty, on condition that all the payments, reserves of land, and promises named therein are secured to us by Her Majesty.

And the undersigned Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the North-west Territories on behalf of Her Majesty agrees that all the payments, reserves and promises named in the said treaty to be made to each Cree Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and carried out to the Chiefs who have subscribed to this memorandum and to their people.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned Indian Superintendent and the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen have hereto set our hands in this nineteenth day of August, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.

Signed the day and year above written after having been read and interpreted to the Chiefs and Headmen by Peter Erasmus, in the presence of:

John French, Sub-inspector, NWMP
David Laird
Puskee-Yah-Kay-Wee-Yin
Mah-Kayo
Pay-Frahm-Us-Kum-Ick-In-Um
Isadore

Adhesion by Stony Indians

We, the undersigned Chief and Headmen of the Plain Stony Tribe of Indians, having had communication of the treaty made and concluded near Carlton on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, between Her Majesty the Queen by Her Commissioners, and the Plain and Wood Crees and other Tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country named therein, hereby for ourselves and the Band which we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to our Band, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of the Government of the Dominion of Canada, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in the North-west Territories, or elsewhere in Her Majesty's dominions, to have and to hold the same unto and to the use of Her said Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.

And we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, on the part of said Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and our Band had originally been contracting parties thereto.

And Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, the Honourable David Laird, Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chief and his Band.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we, the said Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories and the said Chief and Headmen of the Stony Tribe of Indians, have hereto set our hands, at Battleford, this twenty-ninth day of August, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.

Signed by the parties hereto in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the same having been first explained to the Indians by Peter Ballendine.

James Walker, NWMP Inspector
P. Ballendine
Hayter Reed

David Laird, Indian Superintendent
Su-Ke-Man
Eta-Me-Pe-Ton
Neso-Au-Asis
Ka-Wa-Sa-Sko-Tre-Pah-Ik

Adhesion by Cree Indians

We, the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen of the Wood Cree Tribe of Indians, having had communication of the treaty made and concluded near Carlton on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August, respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, between Her Majesty the Queen, by Her Commissioners, and the Plain and Wood Cree and other Tribes of Indians, inhabitants of the country named therein, hereby for ourselves and the Bands which we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to our Bands, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of Her Government of the Dominion of Canada, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in the North-west Territories or elsewhere in Her Majesty's Dominions, to have and to hold the same unto and to the use of Her said Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.

And we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, on the part of said Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and our Bands had originally been contracting parties thereto.

And Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, the Honourable David Laird, Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chiefs and their Bands.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we, the said Indian Superintendent of the North-west Territories and the said Chiefs and Headmen of the Wood Cree Tribe of Indians, have hereto set our hands at Carlton this third day of September, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.

Signed by the Chiefs and Councillors within named, in the presence of the following witnesses, the same having first been explained by Peter Ballendine:

L. Clarke
A.E. Forget
P. Ballendine

David Laird, Indian Superintendent
Ko-Pah-A-Wa-Ke-Mun, Chief
Banyel Maristyo, Councillor
James (Chief Son), Councillor
Sa-Se-Wa-Hum
Kene-Mo-Tay
Mas-E-Nas-Chose

Adhesion by Cree Indians

We, the undersigned Indian Chief and Headmen, having had communication of the treaty made and concluded at Forts Carlton and Pitt in the summer of 1876, but not having been present at the conferences at which said treaty was negotiated, hereby agree to accept the terms and conditions of the said treaty and to abide thereby, in the same manner as if we had been present at the time the said treaty was first signed.

Signed by the Chief and Headmen after having been read and explained by Peter Erasmus.

Michel Calistrois
Louis Pay-Patsmah-Wayo
Acoo See

Adhesion by Cree Indians

Whereas, Min-a-he-quo-sis, or Little Pine, a Cree Chief, on behalf of his Band and certain other Cree Indians, comprising twenty lodges, inhabitants of the country covered by the treaty commonly known as "Treaty No. 6," made between Her Majesty the Queen, by Her Commissioners, the Honourable Alexander Morris, the Honourable James McKay and the Honourable William Joseph Christie, of the one part;

And the Plain and Wood Cree Tribes of Indians of the other part, at Carlton, on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, who have not yet given in their adhesion to the said treaty, have presented themselves to Edgar Dewdney, Esquire, Indian Commissioner for the North-west Territories, and expressed a desire to join in the said treaty. And whereas the said Commissioner has recognized the said "Little Pine" as the Headman of his Band, and the said Band of twenty lodges have selected and appointed Pap-a-way, "The Lucky Man," one of their number as the Headman of their Band, and have presented him as such to the said Commissioner, who has recognized and accepted him as such Headman;

NOW, THIS INSTRUMENT WITNESSETH that the said "Little Pine" and Pap-a-way or "the Lucky Man," for themselves and on behalf of the Bands which they represent, do transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of Her Government of the Dominion of Canada, all their right, title and interest whatsoever which they have held or enjoyed of, in and to the territory described and fully set out in the said treaty; also, all their right, title and interest whatsoever which they have held or enjoyed of, in and to the territory described and fully set out in the said treaty; also all their right, title and interest whatsoever to all other lands wherever situated, whether within the limits of any other treaty heretofore made or hereafter to be made with Indians or elsewhere in Her Majesty's territories, to have and to hold the same unto and for the use of Her Majesty, the Queen, Her heirs and successors for ever. And do hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians adhering to the said treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt on the dates above mentioned; and further, do solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions contained on the part of the Indians therein named, to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if the said "Little Pine" and Pap-a-way or "the Lucky Man," and the Bands whom they represent had been originally contracting parties thereto, and had been present at the treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt, and had there attached their signatures to the said treaty.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Edgar Dewdney, Indian Commissioner for the North-west Territories, and the said "Little Pine" and Pap-a-way or "the Lucky Man," Headmen of the said Bands, hereby giving their adhesion to the said treaty, have hereunto subscribed and set their hands at Fort Walsh, in the said North-west Territories, this second day of July, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.

Signed by the parties hereto, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the same having been explained to the Indians by the said Edgar Dewdney, Esq., Indian Commissioner, through the interpreters Edward McKay and P. Léveillé.
James F. McLeod, NWMP Commissioner
A.G. Irvine, NWMP Assistant Commissioner
Frank Norman, Staff Constable, NWMP
Edgar Dewdney, Indian Commissioner.
Little Pine
Lucky Boy

Adhesion by Cree Indians

WHEREAS, Big Bear, a Cree Chief, on behalf of his Band, comprising thirty lodges, inhabitants of the country covered by the treaty commonly known as "Treaty Number Six," made between Her Majesty the Queen, by Her Commissioners the Honourable Alexander Morris, the Honourable James McKay and the Honourable William Joseph Christie, of the one part, and Plain and Wood Cree Tribe of Indians of the other part at Carlton, on the twenty-third and twenty-eighth days of August, and near Fort Pitt on the ninth day of September, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, who have not yet given in their adhesion to the said Treaty, have presented themselves to Allan Macdonald, Esq., Indian Agent of Treaty Number Four, and expressed a desire to join in the same treaty; and whereas the said Indian Agent has recognized the said "Big Bear" as the Chief of their Band.

NOW THIS INSTRUMENT WITNESSETH, that the said "Big Bear," for himself and on behalf of the Band which he represents, does transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of Her Government of the Dominion of Canada, all his right, title and interest whatsoever, which he has held or enjoyed, of, in and to the territory described and fully set out in the said treaty; also all his right, title and interest whatsoever to all other lands wherever situated, whether within the limits of any other treaty heretofore made or hereafter to be made with Indians, or elsewhere in Her Majesty's territories. To have and to hold the same unto and for the use of Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever. And do hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians, adhering to the said treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt on the dates above mentioned; and further, do solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions contained on the part of the Indians therein named, to be observed and performed, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty as if the said "Big Bear" and the Band which he represents had been originally contracting parties thereto, and had been present at the treaty at Carlton and Fort Pitt, and had then attached his signature to the said treaty as Chief of the said Band.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Allan Mcdonald, Esquire, Indian Agent, and the said "Big Bear," Chief of the said Band, hereby giving his adhesion to the said treaty, have hereunto subscribed and set their hands at Fort Walsh, in the said North-West Territories, this eighth day of December, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.

Signed by the parties hereto, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the same having been explained to the Indians by said Allan Macdonald, Esq, Indian Agent, through the interpreters Peter Hourie and Louis Léveillée.

A.G. Irvine,, Lt-Col Commissioner, NWMP
John Cotton, Superintendent and Adjutant, NWMP
Augustus Jakes, Surgeon, NWMP
Frank Norman, Inspector, NWMP
A. Shurtliff, Superintendent, NWMP
W.R. Abbot, Sgt-Major, NWMP
W. Routledge, Corporal, NWMP
Allan MacDonald, Indian Agent, Treaty 4
Big Bear (Chief)
Joe Tanner,
Peter Hourie,
Louis Léveillée,
Piapot (Chief)

Adhesion by Cree Indians

We the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen, on behalf of ourselves and the other members of the Wood Cree Tribe of Indians, having had explained to us the terms of the treaty made and concluded near Carlton, on the 23rd day of August and on 28th day of said month respectively, and near Fort Pitt on the 9th day of September, 1876, between Her Majesty the Queen, by the Commissioners duly appointed to negotiate the said treaty, and the Plain and Wood Cree and other Tribes of Indians inhabiting the country within the limits defined in said treaty, but not having been present at the councils at which the articles of the said treaty were agreed upon, do now hereby for ourselves and the Bands which we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us and the Bands which we represent, transfer, surrender, and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, to and for the use of the Government of the Dominion of Canada, all our right, title and interest whatsoever which we and the said Bands which we represent hold and enjoy, or have held and enjoyed, of, in and to the territory included within the following limits: All and singular that portion or tract of land being the north part of the Land District of Prince Albert, as shown on the maps published by the Honourable the Minister of the Interior, dated at Ottawa on the 31st day of August, 1885; the same tract being north of the northerly limit of Treaty No.6, North-West Territory, containing 11,066 square miles, be the same more or less, and more particularly described as follows: Commencing at a point being the north-west corner of projected Township No. 70, Range 10, west of the Third Initial Meridian; thence easterly along the northern boundaries of projected Townships Nos. 70 to the north-east corner of projected Township No. 70, Range 13, west of the Second Initial Meridian; thence southerly following the east boundary of said 13th Range of projected Townships to the northern limits of Treaty No. 6. into the projected Township No. 60; thence westerly following the northerly limit of Treaty No. 6 to the south-eastern shore of Green Lake, being at the north-easterly part of projected Township No. 58, Range 10, west of the Third Initial Meridian; thence following the westerly shore of Green Lake to the main inlet thereof known as Beaver River; thence up the right bank of Beaver River to its intersection with the west boundary of projected Township No. 62, Range 10, west of the Third Initial Meridian; thence northerly following the west boundary of projected townships of Range 10, west of the Third Initial Meridian, to the point of commencement.

Also, all our right, title and interest whatsoever to all other lands wherever situated, whether within the limits of any other treaty heretofore made, or hereafter to be made with Indians, and whether the said lands are situated in the North-West Territories of elsewhere in Her Majesty's Dominion, to have and to hold the same unto and for the use of Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors forever.

And we hereby agree to accept the several benefits, payments and reserves promised to the Indians adhering to the said treaty at Fort Pitt or Carlton; with the proviso as regards the amount to be expended annually for ammunition and twine, and as respects the amount to be expended for three years annually in provisions for the use of such Indians as are settled on reserves and are engaged in cultivating the soil, to assist them in such cultivation, that the expenditure on both of these items shall bear the same proportion to the number of Indians now treated with as the amounts for those two items as mentioned in Treaty No. 6 bore to the number of Indians then treated with. And we solemnly engage to abide by, carry out and fulfil all the stipulations, obligations and conditions therein contained on the part of the Chiefs and Indians therein named to be observed and performed, and we agree in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and the Bands which we represent had been originally contracting parties thereto and had been present at the council held near Fort Pitt or near Carlton and had there attached our signatures to the said treaty.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Her Majesty's special Commissioners and the Chiefs and Councillors of the Bands hereby giving their adhesion to the said treaty have hereunto subscribed and set their hands at Montreal Lake this eleventh day of February, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine.

Signed by the parties hereto in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the same having been first explained to the Indians by the Venerable Archdeacon MacKay:
A.G. Irvine, Lt-Col, Commissioner
R. Goulet, Commissioner
A.J. Mcneil, Indian Department
H.J. Moberly, Chief Factor, Hudson’s Bay Company
H.H. Alexander, NWMP Sergeant
C.V. Alloway
J.A. Mackay, Archdeacon of Saskatchewan.
James Roberts, Chief
William Charles, Chief

James Roberts Band Councillors
Amos Charles
Elias Roberts
John Cook

William Charles Band Councillors
Benjamin Bird
Isaac Bird
Patrick Bird
Moses Bird

Adhesions to Treaty Number Six

WHEREAS we the undersigned Chiefs and Headmen have had communication of the treaty commonly known as Treaty Number Six made between Her Majesty Queen Victoria and certain tribes of Indians at Carlton and Fort Pitt, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, and of the intention of His Most Gracious Majesty King George VI, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India, to extend its provisions to us through His Commissioners, Malcolm McCrimmon and John Lothrop Grew, both of the City of Ottawa;

NOW THEREFORE we the said Chiefs and Headmen hereby for ourselves and the Indians whom we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us and the Indians whom we represent, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to His Majesty the King, His heirs and successors, forever, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in His Majesty's Dominions;

AND we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry our all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, to be observed and performed by the Chiefs and Indians therein named, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and the Indians whom we represent had originally been contracting parties thereto;

AND His Majesty, the King, by His representatives, aforesaid, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chiefs and Headmen and the Indians whom they represent;

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, His Majesty's Commissioners and the said Chiefs and Headmen have set their hands as hereinafter set forth.

Signed at Rocky Mountain House, this 25th day of May, 1944, by Her Majesty's Commissioners together with the chief and officers of the Cree band or group consisting of some families living near the Baptiste River, in the province of Alberta, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the said document having been previously interpreted and explained.

Witnesses
John R. White
R.A.M. Muller
Const., G.R.C.C.
Henry Stelfox
Rev. N.A. Mackenzie
Rev. Rob. R. Piche

M. McCrimmon, Commissioner
J.L. Grew, Commissioner
L. Sunchild (Signed in Cree Syllabics)
J. Yellow Eyes

Signed at Rocky Mountain House, this 13th day of May, 1950, by Her Majesty's Commissioner and the Indians of the Chippewa band or group residing at Rocky Mountain House, in the Province of Alberta, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the said document having been previously interpreted and explained.

Witnesses
G.H. Gooderham
John Hall

Signatories
M. Mccrimmon, Commissioner
James Daychief
Thomas Daychief

Henry Stelfox
J.G. Mcilroy
B.A. Bhanz
Ed Donald
Harold Moore
N De Grandmaison

Simon Strawberry
James Beaverbones
Alec Whitford
Frank Strawberry
Andrew Strawberry

Witnesses
G. Kent Gooderham
A.H. Sorensen
Joe Deschamps
Adam S. Bulmer
Henry Stelfox
Evan Macdonald Anderson
Ida Mae Mcleod

Signatories
Joseph Bremmer
Wawaka Chin
Thomas Brimmer
Jimmie Strawberry
Chakasee
John Muskeg
No Case Muskeg
Susie Strawberry
Josie Strawberry
John Muskeg

Adhesion to Treaty Number Six

WHEREAS we the undersigned Chief and Headmen have had communication of the treaty commonly known as Treaty Number Six made between Her Majesty Queen Victoria and certain tribes of Indians at Carlton and Fort Pitt, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, and of the intention of His Most Gracious Majesty the King George VI, by the Grace of God of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, to extend its provisions to us through His Commissioner, James Pember Brookbank Ostrander, of the City of Regina;

NOW THEREFORE we the said Chief and Headmen hereby for ourselves and the Indians whom we represent, in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us and the Indians whom we represent, cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to His Majesty the King, His heirs and successors, forever, all our right, title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in His Majesty's Dominions;

AND we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, to be observed and performed by the Chiefs and Indians therein named, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves and the Indians whom we represent had originally been contracting parties thereto;

AND His Majesty the King, by his representative, aforesaid, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Chief and Headmen and the Indians whom they represent;

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, His Majesty's Commissioner and the said Chief and Headmen have set their hands as hereinafter set forth.

Signed at Witchekan Lake, this 21st day of November, 1950, by Her Majesty's Commissioner and the chief and leaders of the band or group of Crees made up of 14 families living on the Witchekan Lake reserve, in the province of Saskatchewan, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the said document having been previously interpreted and explained.

Witnesses
A.J. Mcleod
J.T. Warden

Signed
J.P.B. Ostrander, Commissioner
Louis Thomas

Witnesses
N.B. Suiers
V.M. Gran
R.N. McDonald
C.J.W. Liessés
Emma Thomas
Annie Bear
J.T. Warden

Signed
Jack Bear
Pete Bear
Shorty Jim
George Thomas
John Thomas
Joe Thomas
Paddy Bear

Adhesion to Treaty Number Six

WHEREAS we the undersigned Indians have had communication of the treaty commonly known as Treaty Number Six made between Her Majesty Queen Victoria and certain tribes of Indians at Carlton and Fort Pitt, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-six, and of the intention of Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, to extend its provisions to us through His Commissioner, Malcom McCrimmon, of the City of Ottawa;

NOW THEREFORE we the said Indians hereby in consideration of the provisions of the said treaty being extended to us cede, transfer, surrender and relinquish to Her Majesty the Queen, Her heirs and successors, forever, all our right title and privileges whatsoever to all lands in Canada;

AND we hereby agree to accept the several provisions, payments and reserves of the said treaty as therein stated, and solemnly promise and engage to abide by and carry out all the stipulations and obligations therein contained, to be observed and performed by the Chiefs and Indians therein named, and in all things to conform to the articles of the said treaty, as if we ourselves had originally been contracting parties thereto;

AND Her Majesty the Queen, by Her representative, aforesaid, agrees that all the payments and provisions named in the said treaty to be made to each Chief and his Band shall be faithfully made and fulfilled to the aforesaid Indians.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Her Majesty's Commissioner and the said Indians have set their hands as hereinafter set forth.

Signed at Cochin, this 18th day of August, 1954, by Her Majesty's Commissioner and the members of the Saulteaux Band of some families residing on the reserve of this band, in the province of Saskatchewan, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the said document having previously been interpreted and explained.

Witnesses
Harvey J. Bell
Wm. Cockburn
A.S. Bell
T. Fraser

Signed
M. McCrimmon, Commissioner
Alex Kachuch
George Wahpansee
Job Night
Jim Night
Joe Night
Harry Thomas

Witnesses
T. Fraser
Alex Martell

Signed
Richard Gopher
Joe Natchuch
Bill Gopher

Witnesses
A.S. Bell.
T. Fraser.
Alex Martell.
A.G. Rae.
Wm. Cockburn.

Signed
Clara Gopher
Helen Katchuch
Bill Night
Joseph Ironbow
Alex Gopher
Alex Mocassin
Annie Gopher
Margaret Ironbow
Mary Kachuch
Francis Katchich
Jim Gopher
Archie Weaganase

Signed at Cochin, this 15th day of May, 1956, by the following members of the Saulteaux Band, in the Province of Saskatchewan, in the presence of the undersigned witnesses, the said document having previously been interpreted and explained.

Witnesses
R.W. Berggren, Constable
J.T. Warden
Wm. Cockburn
Joe Martel

Signed
John Swimmer
Johnnie Swimmer
George Katchuch
Bennie Swimmer
Francis Mocassin
Stan Mocassin