When conflicts are declared in Europe, the shock wave is felt in the colonies already subject to commercial tensions. One of the primary concerns of each antagonist then becomes to cut-off the supply routes of the opponent. It is therefore not surprising to see that the seas and rivers of Eastern Canada, vital for transport and communications, contain an important number of remains from the successive conflicts.
Figure head of the Scourge
A ghost ship in Lake Ontario: This image taken by a vehicle operated remotely from the surface shows USS Scourge’s figurehead depicting Lord Nelson. Now covered by mussels, the American wrecks of USS Scourge and USS Hamilton rest largely intact on the bottom of Lake Ontario.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:49:59
© ASI Group Ltd. City of Hamilton /Parks Canada
A ghost ship in Lake Ontario: This image taken by a vehicle operated remotely from the surface shows USS Scourge’s figurehead depicting Lord Nelson. Now covered by mussels, the American wrecks of USS Scourge and USS Hamilton rest largely intact on the bottom of Lake Ontario.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:49:59
© ASI Group Ltd. City of Hamilton /Parks Canada
PIECE OF STERN SECTION BEING RAISED.
Resurfacing … 212 Years Later!: The underwater excavation of the Machault culminated with the recovery of a number of hull sections. Exceptionally preserved because of the muddy waters of Chaleur Bay, they are presently exhibited at the Battle of the Restigouche National Historic Site, in the Gaspe.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:56:47
© Ringer, J. /Parks Canada
Resurfacing … 212 Years Later!: The underwater excavation of the Machault culminated with the recovery of a number of hull sections. Exceptionally preserved because of the muddy waters of Chaleur Bay, they are presently exhibited at the Battle of the Restigouche National Historic Site, in the Gaspe.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:56:47
© Ringer, J. /Parks Canada
Diver Bob Masse bringing up a piece of wood of Machault.
Boarding the Ship!: Recovery of a hull plank of the Machault, a 24-gun French frigate scuttled in 1760 during the Battle of the Restigouche. The Machault was part of a French fleet coming to support Quebec City besieged by Wolfe’s British troops.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:58:18
© Grenier, R. /Parks Canada
Boarding the Ship!: Recovery of a hull plank of the Machault, a 24-gun French frigate scuttled in 1760 during the Battle of the Restigouche. The Machault was part of a French fleet coming to support Quebec City besieged by Wolfe’s British troops.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:58:18
© Grenier, R. /Parks Canada
Nine members of crew and artifacts. Camera facingnorth.
An Amazing Collection: Divers of the underwater archaeology team in front of a group of artifacts recovered from the Machault. One of best archaeological collections of New France, comprising more than 7,000 artifacts, was recovered during the excavation that took place each summer between 1969 and 1972.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:57:54
© Zacharchuk, W. /Parks Canada
An Amazing Collection: Divers of the underwater archaeology team in front of a group of artifacts recovered from the Machault. One of best archaeological collections of New France, comprising more than 7,000 artifacts, was recovered during the excavation that took place each summer between 1969 and 1972.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:57:54
© Zacharchuk, W. /Parks Canada
W. Stevens shooting video in the Rideau, surounded by submerged threes. 30M7A5
A Submerged Forest: The Rideau Canal Waterway, that links Kingston to Ottawa, was constructed after the War of 1812 as an alternative to navigation on the Upper St. Lawrence, vulnerable during periods of conflict. A masterpiece of engineering, the construction of the waterway inundated numerous landscapes, as is seen in this image.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:48:55
© Jonathan Moore /Parks Canada
A Submerged Forest: The Rideau Canal Waterway, that links Kingston to Ottawa, was constructed after the War of 1812 as an alternative to navigation on the Upper St. Lawrence, vulnerable during periods of conflict. A masterpiece of engineering, the construction of the waterway inundated numerous landscapes, as is seen in this image.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:48:55
© Jonathan Moore /Parks Canada
Op. 20-22P & Q. New wreck. W. Stevens overcannon. Facing E.
The Beginning of the End: The capture of Louisbourg in 1758 opened the way to New France for British troops. The French lost five men-of-war during this battle. Today, the wreck of the Célèbre offers a unique diving experience as it is a rare wreck in Canada from the 18th century open to diving.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:48:25
© Pagé, D. /Parks Canada
The Beginning of the End: The capture of Louisbourg in 1758 opened the way to New France for British troops. The French lost five men-of-war during this battle. Today, the wreck of the Célèbre offers a unique diving experience as it is a rare wreck in Canada from the 18th century open to diving.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:48:25
© Pagé, D. /Parks Canada
On site preparations
Ice Time: A hole is opened in the ice to allow divers to access the base of a Martello tower that forms part of fortifications at Kingston, Ontario. This tower was part of a defensive system that protected the Royal Navy’s base on Lake Ontario as well as the southern entrance to the Rideau Canal.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:54:59
© Van Vliet, N. /Parks Canada
Ice Time: A hole is opened in the ice to allow divers to access the base of a Martello tower that forms part of fortifications at Kingston, Ontario. This tower was part of a defensive system that protected the Royal Navy’s base on Lake Ontario as well as the southern entrance to the Rideau Canal.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:54:59
© Van Vliet, N. /Parks Canada
Musket recovery
To Your Weapons!: Recovery of a musket, now very vulnerable after more than three centuries in the sand and waters of the St. Lawrence River. Parks Canada archaeologists worked with more than sixty sport divers during two excavation seasons on the Elizabeth and Mary.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:38:55
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
To Your Weapons!: Recovery of a musket, now very vulnerable after more than three centuries in the sand and waters of the St. Lawrence River. Parks Canada archaeologists worked with more than sixty sport divers during two excavation seasons on the Elizabeth and Mary.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:38:55
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
Chriss et les membrures après lâenlèvement des vaigres, carroyage
From the Mouths of my Cannons!: The hull of the Elizabeth and Mary is disassembled in order to document and rebury the structural timbers. This bark from Boston took part in the siege of Quebec City by William Phips in 1690 where the English fleet was repelled by Frontenac.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:37:06
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
From the Mouths of my Cannons!: The hull of the Elizabeth and Mary is disassembled in order to document and rebury the structural timbers. This bark from Boston took part in the siege of Quebec City by William Phips in 1690 where the English fleet was repelled by Frontenac.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:37:06
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
R. Grenier taking movie film of th,Tribuneanchor.
Remains of a Tragedy: Archaeologist filming the anchor of HMS Tribune with a 16-mm camera in a waterproof housing. In the early 1970s, this equipment was state-of-the-art underwater technology.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:53:52
© Ringer, J. /Parks Canada
Remains of a Tragedy: Archaeologist filming the anchor of HMS Tribune with a 16-mm camera in a waterproof housing. In the early 1970s, this equipment was state-of-the-art underwater technology.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:53:52
© Ringer, J. /Parks Canada
Flora Davidson in the Browms Bay hull, preparation for moving the hull, in the old museum.
Under the Watchful Eye of Conservators: A Parks Canada conservator watches over the hull of the Brown’s Bay vessel in preparation for transport to its new interpretation center, 50 km away. This vessel was built as a gunboat similar to those used during the War of 1812.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:53:21
© Thierry Boyer /Parks Canada
Under the Watchful Eye of Conservators: A Parks Canada conservator watches over the hull of the Brown’s Bay vessel in preparation for transport to its new interpretation center, 50 km away. This vessel was built as a gunboat similar to those used during the War of 1812.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:53:21
© Thierry Boyer /Parks Canada
Excavation of the Browns Bay Vessel with a crane and bucket loader, seen from shore, Field Project No 1 sign.
Project #1!: The 1966-1967 underwater excavation of the Brown’s Bay wreck, in Ontario, was the first large-scale excavation conducted by Parks Canada’s Underwater Archaeology Service, as can be seen on the sign in front of the site. A bucket dredge clears the river bed around the wreck.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:51:41
© Parks Canada
Project #1!: The 1966-1967 underwater excavation of the Brown’s Bay wreck, in Ontario, was the first large-scale excavation conducted by Parks Canada’s Underwater Archaeology Service, as can be seen on the sign in front of the site. A bucket dredge clears the river bed around the wreck.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:51:41
© Parks Canada
DIVER AND AIRLIFT. FACING S W
An Underwater Vacuum: The airlift, as well as the suction dredge, is the underwater archaeologist’s best friend during excavations, as seen here on the wreck site of HMS Sapphire, a British ship scuttled in 1696. These underwater vacuums help to displace tons of sediments effortlessly.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:50:30
© Grenier, R. /Parks Canada
An Underwater Vacuum: The airlift, as well as the suction dredge, is the underwater archaeologist’s best friend during excavations, as seen here on the wreck site of HMS Sapphire, a British ship scuttled in 1696. These underwater vacuums help to displace tons of sediments effortlessly.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:50:30
© Grenier, R. /Parks Canada
Sidescan sonar sonogram of the Hamilton, Klein 3900, 900kHz, 37 meter range.
Lost in the Depths: Sonar image of the American vessel USS Hamilton, lost during a gale on 8 August 1813 and lying in some 90 meters deep in Lake Ontario. The cannons are visible on deck, as is a small boat at the stern of the wreck.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:29:45
@ Parks Canada
Lost in the Depths: Sonar image of the American vessel USS Hamilton, lost during a gale on 8 August 1813 and lying in some 90 meters deep in Lake Ontario. The cannons are visible on deck, as is a small boat at the stern of the wreck.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:29:45
@ Parks Canada
Divers waiting for instructions.Plongeurs a l'attente d'instructions.
Taking a Breather: Standing near the exhaust pipe of an airlift, a diver waits for the compressor that powers it to be restarted. Due to the low visibility on the wreck site, sediments were sucked up to the surface where they were meticulously sifted.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:57:17
© Ladouceur, L. /Parks Canada
Taking a Breather: Standing near the exhaust pipe of an airlift, a diver waits for the compressor that powers it to be restarted. Due to the low visibility on the wreck site, sediments were sucked up to the surface where they were meticulously sifted.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:57:17
© Ladouceur, L. /Parks Canada
Lion's mane jelly fish on the 31M wreck site, Filippo Ronca in the background
An Impressive Neighbour: An archaeologist studies a cannon from the Célèbre as a lion’s mane jellyfish floats by. In 1758, the loss of the ships Célèbre, Prudent, Entreprenant, Bienfaisant and Capricieux was a hard blow for the French fleet in New France.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:55:28
© Thierry Boyer /Parks Canada
An Impressive Neighbour: An archaeologist studies a cannon from the Célèbre as a lion’s mane jellyfish floats by. In 1758, the loss of the ships Célèbre, Prudent, Entreprenant, Bienfaisant and Capricieux was a hard blow for the French fleet in New France.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:55:28
© Thierry Boyer /Parks Canada
soulier et hache entre mebrures avec N. Cadieux
A Militiaman’s Locker: Two shoes and an axe appear between the frames of the wreck of the Elizabeth and Mary. These artifacts remind us of the precarious conditions of British troops cramped in this small merchant vessel requisitioned in Boston in 1690 for the expedition against Quebec City.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:47:37
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
A Militiaman’s Locker: Two shoes and an axe appear between the frames of the wreck of the Elizabeth and Mary. These artifacts remind us of the precarious conditions of British troops cramped in this small merchant vessel requisitioned in Boston in 1690 for the expedition against Quebec City.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:47:37
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
Diver inspecting the Tribune anchor.
Remains of a Tragedy: A diver inspects the concreted anchor of the wreck of HMS Tribune. In 1796 this 36-gun ship was escorting a convoy to Quebec City when it sank near Halifax, taking with it more than 200 passengers and crewmen.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:56:06
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
Remains of a Tragedy: A diver inspects the concreted anchor of the wreck of HMS Tribune. In 1796 this 36-gun ship was escorting a convoy to Quebec City when it sank near Halifax, taking with it more than 200 passengers and crewmen.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:56:06
© P. Waddell /Parks Canada
Anchor of the 86M wreck site, after clean-up. General view. Charles Dagneau recording it.
An Underwater Blockade: The anchor of one of the ships scuttled by the French to obstruct the entrance of Louisbourg harbour during the British siege of 1758. This manoeuvre did not prevent the fall of the Fortress.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:30:10
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
An Underwater Blockade: The anchor of one of the ships scuttled by the French to obstruct the entrance of Louisbourg harbour during the British siege of 1758. This manoeuvre did not prevent the fall of the Fortress.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:30:10
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Les tous débuts⦠L'une des très rares photos des prémices de l'équipe d'archéologie subaquatique de Parcs Canada. On y voit Walter Zacharchuk et *** *** face aux vestiges d'un petit bateau à fond plat du début du XIXe siècle trouvés en 1964 au LHN du Fort Saint-Joseph.
The Early Days: One of the rare photos of the origins of Parks Canada’s underwater archaeology team. One can see the remains of a small flat-bottomed boat from the early 19th-century found in 1964 at Fort St. Joseph National Historic Site.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:32:33
© Parks Canada
The Early Days: One of the rare photos of the origins of Parks Canada’s underwater archaeology team. One can see the remains of a small flat-bottomed boat from the early 19th-century found in 1964 at Fort St. Joseph National Historic Site.
Date: 2016:07:28 15:32:33
© Parks Canada
Going in!: A diver enters the water in 1966 in the Upper St. Lawrence River during a survey conducted near Brockville, Ontario. Diving equipment was very basic at that time.
Date: 2016:08:01 08:51:04
© Parks Canada
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