Europeans take advantage of the country’s numerous waterways occasionally leaving traces of their passage. Advancing over this huge territory, they meet its first people. The history of exploration by Europeans is also that of their encounter with the First Nations of Canada.
TIMBER TAG 2145, SHOWING INCISED SHIP ON SOFTWOOD PLANK
A 16th-century Polaroid: An archaeologist admires the image of a ship carved into a plank on the wreck of the San Juan. The carving, probably etched by one of the crew, represents a ship at anchor with its small boat and resembles closely the ship on which it was found.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:21:09
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
A 16th-century Polaroid: An archaeologist admires the image of a ship carved into a plank on the wreck of the San Juan. The carving, probably etched by one of the crew, represents a ship at anchor with its small boat and resembles closely the ship on which it was found.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:21:09
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
Red bay Report. Figure 6.6.62. Resting on grounded iceberg.
Resting on the Ice! : The underwater excavations at Red Bay, the most important conducted by Parks Canada, required more than 14,000 hours of diving in sub-Arctic waters that ranged in temperature between -2 and +3 degrees Celsius.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:20:45
© Amer, C. / Parks Canada
Resting on the Ice! : The underwater excavations at Red Bay, the most important conducted by Parks Canada, required more than 14,000 hours of diving in sub-Arctic waters that ranged in temperature between -2 and +3 degrees Celsius.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:20:45
© Amer, C. / Parks Canada
Red Bay; Carol Piper and other draftpersons recording and drafting of the keel onboard the barge.
Above and Below Water, in All Weathers: Each structural timber of the wreck of the San Juan was brought to the surface to be carefully drawn. Approximately 3,000 timbers were recorded in this way by skilled illustrators.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:19:33
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
Above and Below Water, in All Weathers: Each structural timber of the wreck of the San Juan was brought to the surface to be carefully drawn. Approximately 3,000 timbers were recorded in this way by skilled illustrators.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:19:33
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
Jonathan Moore operating the side scan sonar and Clyde Bursey at the helm of the MV Martin Bergmann, during night operations.
Night Launch: Night survey with side-scan sonar in the wheelhouse of the Martin Bergmann searching for the wrecks of Sir John Franklin’s lost ships. Navigation and searching are done with electronic equipment which explains the numerous screens.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:20:19
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Night Launch: Night survey with side-scan sonar in the wheelhouse of the Martin Bergmann searching for the wrecks of Sir John Franklin’s lost ships. Navigation and searching are done with electronic equipment which explains the numerous screens.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:20:19
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Dive site, May 1993, water sampling. Quartzite Island Underwater Survey
Polar Dip: Archaeologists enter the water under the ice in the Arctic waters of Nunavut, looking for the Hudson Bay Company ships of James Knight, lost in 1721.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:18:44
© Parks Canada
Polar Dip: Archaeologists enter the water under the ice in the Arctic waters of Nunavut, looking for the Hudson Bay Company ships of James Knight, lost in 1721.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:18:44
© Parks Canada
Camp and tents in ice covered Mercy bay
Merciless Ice: Base camp on the shores of Mercy Bay during a research expedition at the wreck of HMS Investigator, the crew of which was credited with finding the Northwest Passage. The inflatable boats have to weave through floating ice, while divers take advantage of the midnight sun provided by the high latitude in July.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:18:23
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Merciless Ice: Base camp on the shores of Mercy Bay during a research expedition at the wreck of HMS Investigator, the crew of which was credited with finding the Northwest Passage. The inflatable boats have to weave through floating ice, while divers take advantage of the midnight sun provided by the high latitude in July.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:18:23
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Filming of stern post and gudgeon of HMS Investigator
The Almighty Ice: Video documentation of the sternpost and the remains of the stern of the wreck. Whereas almost all of the crew made it back safely to England, the ship abandoned in 1853 was literally swallowed by the ice of Mercy Bay.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:17:36
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
The Almighty Ice: Video documentation of the sternpost and the remains of the stern of the wreck. Whereas almost all of the crew made it back safely to England, the ship abandoned in 1853 was literally swallowed by the ice of Mercy Bay.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:17:36
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Diver on bow of HMS Investigator
Arctic Ghost: An archaeologist swims across the bow of HMS Investigator. The wreck of Sir Robert McClure’s ship that left England in 1850 to search for Sir John Franklin’s lost expedition was discovered in 2010 by Parks Canada underwater archaeologists.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:16:32
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Arctic Ghost: An archaeologist swims across the bow of HMS Investigator. The wreck of Sir Robert McClure’s ship that left England in 1850 to search for Sir John Franklin’s lost expedition was discovered in 2010 by Parks Canada underwater archaeologists.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:16:32
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Copper sheated stern post from HMS Investigator. Draft mark. Starboard side. Aft face. Gudgeon.
Copper Under the Ice: HMS Investigator sailed in the southern seas around South America to enter the Arctic from the west. Its hull was covered with copper to protect it from marine organisms in the warmer seas. We see here the sternpost, at the stern of the hull, bearing Roman numerals that indicated the draught of the ship. Some of the visible copper plates have been torn by the ice.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:16:11
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Copper Under the Ice: HMS Investigator sailed in the southern seas around South America to enter the Arctic from the west. Its hull was covered with copper to protect it from marine organisms in the warmer seas. We see here the sternpost, at the stern of the hull, bearing Roman numerals that indicated the draught of the ship. Some of the visible copper plates have been torn by the ice.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:16:11
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Muzzle end of one of the cannons, loose timbers around it. Starboard stern.
Details of the muzzle of an exceptionally preserved bronze cannon, resting on the seabed as it was found on the wreck of HMS Erebus.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:15:04
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Details of the muzzle of an exceptionally preserved bronze cannon, resting on the seabed as it was found on the wreck of HMS Erebus.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:15:04
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Windlass and bell in situ, Filippo Ronca shinning light on bell. Broad arrow and date "1845" visible.
Filippo Ronca shining a light on the HMS Erebus bell. Note the embossed “broad arrow” British government property mark, and the embossed date “1845.”
Date: 2016:08:01 09:13:14
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Filippo Ronca shining a light on the HMS Erebus bell. Note the embossed “broad arrow” British government property mark, and the embossed date “1845.”
Date: 2016:08:01 09:13:14
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Parks Canada Underwater archaeologist Marc-André Bernier setting a marine biology sampling quadrant on the port side hull of HMS Erebus.
A Parks Canada underwater archaeologist setting up a marine biology sampling quadrant on the port side hull of HMS Erebus.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:12:36
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
A Parks Canada underwater archaeologist setting up a marine biology sampling quadrant on the port side hull of HMS Erebus.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:12:36
© Thierry Boyer / Parks Canada
Sidescan sonar image of HMS Investigator in Mercy Bay, NWT. 25m range, Klein 3000, 445kHz.
Image of Discovery: Sonar image of the wreck of HMS Investigator, an exploration ship abandoned in the Arctic in 1853. When the wreck was discovered by Parks Canada in 2010, this image was shown around the globe. One can see a plan view of the ship with a multitude of timbers scattered on and around the wreck.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:12:05
© Parks Canada
Image of Discovery: Sonar image of the wreck of HMS Investigator, an exploration ship abandoned in the Arctic in 1853. When the wreck was discovered by Parks Canada in 2010, this image was shown around the globe. One can see a plan view of the ship with a multitude of timbers scattered on and around the wreck.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:12:05
© Parks Canada
Red Bay Report. Figure 6.6.20. Hourglass and binnacle in situ.
Time Stopped in the Water: A navigation sandglass has been carefully excavated with an airlift on a 16th-century Basque whaler. The underwater environment often protects fragile objects that can be very well preserved.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:21:36
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
Time Stopped in the Water: A navigation sandglass has been carefully excavated with an airlift on a 16th-century Basque whaler. The underwater environment often protects fragile objects that can be very well preserved.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:21:36
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
AERIAL VIEW OF BARGE ON SITE
A Model Dig: Over the span of eight years, underwater excavations of Basque ships at Red Bay have delivered eight vessels related to whale hunting activities. This large-scale project has contributed to the establishment of new archaeological standards.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:19:57
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
A Model Dig: Over the span of eight years, underwater excavations of Basque ships at Red Bay have delivered eight vessels related to whale hunting activities. This large-scale project has contributed to the establishment of new archaeological standards.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:19:57
© Pagé, D. / Parks Canada
Investigator fueling up at night time.
Night Launch: The Parks Canada research vessel is about to depart from the Sir Wilfrid Laurier for its night shift to search for the wrecks of Sir John Franklin’s lost ships. This quest is one of archaeology’s most complex because it covers thousands of square kilometers of largely uncharted Arctic sea floor.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:19:09
© Ryan Harris / Parks Canada
Night Launch: The Parks Canada research vessel is about to depart from the Sir Wilfrid Laurier for its night shift to search for the wrecks of Sir John Franklin’s lost ships. This quest is one of archaeology’s most complex because it covers thousands of square kilometers of largely uncharted Arctic sea floor.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:19:09
© Ryan Harris / Parks Canada
Diver positionning the copper alloy Gossage pump on HMS Investigator (77M20L1)
Cutting-edge Technology: An archaeologist records the location of a Gossage copper-alloy pump, a technical innovation of the late 1840s. Similar to our present-day space missions, the Arctic expeditions of the period would benefit from state-of-the-art equipment.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:17:01
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Cutting-edge Technology: An archaeologist records the location of a Gossage copper-alloy pump, a technical innovation of the late 1840s. Similar to our present-day space missions, the Arctic expeditions of the period would benefit from state-of-the-art equipment.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:17:01
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Underwater archaeologists raising the felt 77M20K1-1 to the inflatable boat in Mercy Bay
Improvised Support: In the remote Mercy Bay, archaeologists have to use what is at hand to recover and raise to the surface the more significant artifacts found on the site. We see here the recovery of a piece of felt that helped waterproof the ship’s hull.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:15:48
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
Improvised Support: In the remote Mercy Bay, archaeologists have to use what is at hand to recover and raise to the surface the more significant artifacts found on the site. We see here the recovery of a piece of felt that helped waterproof the ship’s hull.
Date: 2016:08:01 09:15:48
© Brett Seymour / Parks Canada
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