Applicant's guide

Table of contents

 

Message from Parks Canada’s lead scientists

Parks Canada is privileged to administer one of the world’s greatest networks of protected cultural and natural heritage areas. Spanning Canada from coast to coast to coast, these protected areas represent our collective heritage, histories and ecosystems. As natural and cultural laboratories, they provide exceptional opportunities to advance our collective understanding of the causes and solutions to some of the most pressing issues that Canada and the world face, including the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss, and the loss of cultural diversity.

We welcome and encourage your interest in conducting research and collection activities within the network of protected heritage areas we administer. The Research and Collection Permit program is your gateway to conducting scientific work in these special places.

We invite you to communicate with Parks Canada’s specialists and managers to identify areas of shared interest and, hopefully, to establish collaborative arrangements that would be beneficial to all. We know from experience that the results of past investigations, and the collaborations established with Parks Canada’s specialists have made us better stewards of Canada’s precious heritage.

Gilles Seutin, PhD
Chief Ecosystem Scientist
Brenda Jones, PhD
Chief Social Scientist
T.J. Hammer, MA
Director, Collections, Curatorial and Conservation
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1. Introduction

This guide provides information about the requirements, considerations, and processes for permitting archaeological, natural and social science research and collection activities within heritage areas administered by Parks Canada, including:

  • national historic sites of Canada administered by Parks Canada (including historic canals)
  • national parks of Canada and national park reserves of Canada
  • national marine conservation areas of Canada and national marine conservation area reserves of Canada (including Saguenay -St. Lawrence Marine Park)
  • national urban parks
  • any other federal lands administered by Parks Canada (including Pingo Canadian Landmark, and submerged lands)

It is strongly recommended that applicants first review the information provided here and consult the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest before starting an application for a research and collection permit.

Note: In the context of the research and collection permits and the application process, the term “Principal Invesitgator” is synonymous with “applicant” and “permit holder”. Readers of this document are encouraged to review the glossary in Appendix C for further clarification of words and expressions used in the context of the Research and Collection Permits.

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2. Background

Parks Canada administers one of the finest and most extensive systems of natural and cultural places in the world. In administering these heritage areas, Parks Canada facilitates and supports research and collection activities that aim to improve the collective understanding of natural and cultural heritage and contribute to the effective management of these special places for future generations.

Parks Canada encourages the submission of project proposals for scientific studies that are consistent with its mandate. Of key importance are the following components:

  • maintaining and/or restoring ecological and commemorative integrity of national historic sites, national parks and national urban parks
  • maintaining ecological sustainability of national marine conservation areas
  • protecting cultural and natural resources
  • supporting Indigenous stewardship
  • providing appropriate visitor experiences that help connect people to nature and culture

Heritage areas act as long-term sites for natural science research, serving as ecological benchmarks or sentinel sites for the study of natural environments and their components. Scientific studies in these natural areas are seen as increasingly important because they help reveal changes occurring in ecosystems that result from both human intervention or natural processes.

Parks Canada is also responsible for administering a vast array of cultural resources in heritage areas, including cultural landscapes and landscape features, archaeological sites, heritage sites, structures, engineering works, artefacts, and associated records. Research contributes to Parks Canada’s efforts in overseeing these cultural resources for public benefit, and represent part of the ongoing efforts to protect, understand and appreciate our shared human heritage.

Heritage areas welcome millions of people every year, delivering an extraordinary range of cultural, natural and recreational experiences and ensuring people can participate in their protection and enjoyment now and into the future. Social science-related research contributes to Parks Canada’s current and future operations of these places, how people connect with nature and history, and demonstrating the value of conservation.

Parks Canada administers over 90 percent of federal lands, nearly all of which have been traditionally used by Indigenous peoples. Many heritage areas administered by Parks Canada have seen a transition over time from a past where Indigenous peoples were separated from their ancestral lands and waters to our current context, where Parks Canada strives to work collaboratively with Indigenous peoples. In many instances, when heritage areas were created, connections were severed by past policies resulting in intergenerational harm through loss of Indigenous knowledge, cultures and identities.

Parks Canada recognizes and respects the value of Indigenous knowledge, the diversity of Indigenous knowledge systems, and the capacity of Indigenous knowledge holders to contribute to the stewardship of Parks Canada administered heritage areas. Also, Parks Canada recognizes the role science, research and collection activities plays in reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. In this spirit, Parks Canada encourages applicants to engage with local Indigenous communities at all stages of project development and delivery. Applicants should consider how their proposed project could meet the interests, priorities or concerns of Indigenous communities.

Heritage area managers increasingly recognize that timely and reliable information obtained from a variety of worldviews and knowledge systems is integral to the evidence-informed decision-making process. Research and collection activities facilitated through Research and Collection Permits contribute to the development of science advice used to support effective management of heritage areas.

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3. Research and collection permits

Research and Collection Permits enable Parks Canada to effectively manage research and collection activities within heritage areas administered by Parks Canada. A research and collection permit issued to an applicant authorizes the permit holder to conduct activities that are otherwise prohibited within these protected places for the purposes of improving our collective knowledge and understanding of Canada’s natural and cultural heritage.

Research and Collection Permits are issued under the authority of the Superintendent responsible for heritage areas where research and collection activities are to take place. Under this responsibility, Superintendents appoint a research coordinator to manage and administer permits and the permit application process. As the main point of contact, research coordinators are available to assist applicants and permit holders throughout the permitting cycle.

3.1 Permit scope

Permits issued apply to archaeological, natural and social science research and collection activities undertaken within heritage areas administered by Parks Canada. These activities include fieldwork, natural object and archaeological object collection or sampling activities, surveys or interviews, and any activity that has the potential to disturb ecological or cultural resources and visitors. Research and collection permits, however, do not apply to historical research conducted in heritage areas. Interested parties looking to conduct historical research are encouraged to contact the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest to discuss opportunities.

A valid research and collection permit must be obtained by anyone looking to conduct archaeological, natural and social science research and collection activities within a heritage area. This also includes Parks Canada employees and other members of the federal, provincial and territorial public service. A valid permit describes the terms and conditions that must be observed by the permit holder (see Appendix A).

3.2 Permit duration

Research and collection permits are issued for a specific period based on the nature of research and collection activities.

For natural or social science research and collection activities, permits may be issued for a period of up to three (3) consecutive years on the condition that all terms and conditions of the permit are honoured.

For archaeological research and collection activities, permits may ONLY be issued on an annual basis regardless of the project duration. In other words, multi-year archaeological projects are acceptable; however, research and collection permits are only issued on an annual basis on the condition that all terms and conditions of the permit are honoured.

For all valid permits, any changes to an approved project will require a permit amendment. Any breach of a valid permit’s terms and conditions or heritage area regulations may also lead to termination of the permit and denial of subsequent applications by the Principal Invesitgator.

3.3 Single or multi-heritage area permits

Research and Collection Permits are issued to both single and multi-heritage area permits. Typically, applicants will submit one (1) application for proposed archaeological, natural or social science research and collection activities conducted in a single heritage area. However, proposed research and collection activities conducted in more than one heritage area may be permitted under the authority of a single permit. In these circumstances, the applicant must address issues or conditions that may be unique to each heritage area identified by the proposed project. When these conditions are met, applicants only need to submit one (1) application. A multi-heritage area application will be sent to the research coordinator responsible for the primary heritage area identified in the application. Research coordinators of each implicated heritage area will collaborate on the review of multi-heritage area permit applications.

3.4 Permitting requirements

Parks Canada administers and manages permits that authorize research and collection activities in accordance with applicable Acts, regulations and policies. Permits must also comply with heritage area management plans as well as other permitting processes and applicable agreements as described further below.

Of note, the following Acts and associated regulations are consulted when reviewing applications for research and collection permits:

In addition, Parks Canada has developed a number of policies and guidelines to further direct research and collection activities.

The review of research and collection permit applications may vary depending on the nature of the proposed project. Each project proposal will first be reviewed for compliance with applicable legislation, regulations, policies, and site management plans. Any concerns at this stage must be resolved before the application enters the technical review stage. Technical reviews are typically conducted by appropriate Parks Canada employees with expertise in specific fields. Parks Canada may also seek input from knowledge keepers, external professionals or other subject matter experts to assist in the review of permit applications.

The following further outlines the requirements that are considered when approving or denying an application for a research and collection permit. Applicants must address these requirements in their application.

3.4.1 Indigenous engagement and consultation

The Government of Canada is working to advance reconciliation and renew the relationship with Indigenous peoples, based on recognition of rights, respect, cooperation and partnership. Parks Canada is determined to honour this commitment.

Parks Canada also recognizes the role science, research and collection activities play in reconciliation with Indigenous peoples. In this spirit, Parks Canada encourages applicants to engage with local Indigenous communities at all stages of project development and delivery. Applicants should consider how their proposed project could meet the interests, priorities or concerns of Indigenous communities (see Wong et al. FACETS. 5(1) – https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0005).

Applicants are encouraged to discuss this further with the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest prior to submitting their application.

In addition to Indigenous engagement, Parks Canada has an obligation to consult Indigenous groups under established agreements, such as a comprehensive land claim, cooperative management or other contractual agreement. Furthermore, as a representative of the Crown, Parks Canada has a duty to consult, and where appropriate, accommodate Indigenous groups when it considers conduct that might impact potential or established Aboriginal or treaty rights protected by Section 35 of the Constitution Act,1982. As such, Parks Canada is responsible for undertaking consultations with Indigenous groups as part of the permitting process. When required, Parks Canada is obligated to undertake consultations before it can approve and issue a research and collection permit. Consultation may result in a longer review process, and as such, applicants must allow an appropriate amount of time in their schedule to enable this process. Additionally, applicants should be aware of the requirements to which they may be obligated pursuant to final comprehensive land claim agreements or other contractual agreements. Finally, changes to a proposed project may be required following consultations with Indigenous groups.

Applicants should contact the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest to determine if additional permits or approvals may be required by Indigenous organizations in conjunction with a research and collection permit.

3.4.2 Impact assessment

Parks Canada gives full consideration to the impacts of research and collection activities on natural and cultural resources. Depending on the nature and location of the proposed project and its associated activities, impact assessments may be required under the Impact Assessment Act (IAA), another Act of Parliament, or another regime created by signed comprehensive land claim agreement. Where these provisions do not apply, but there is potential for adverse impacts from the proposed project, an impact assessment may be conducted in compliance with Parks Canada’s Impact Assessment Directive.

Parks Canada is responsible for determining whether a research and collection permit application requires an impact assessment. Applicants are encouraged to contact the responsible research coordinator who will make this decision in collaboration with an impact assessment practitioner.

3.4.3 Species at risk

A permit that is compliant with the Species at Risk Act is required when a research and collection activity is likely to affect a species at risk listed in Schedule 1 – List of Wildlife Species at Risk as extirpated, endangered or threatened.

Activities that affect a listed species are those that contravene one or more of the Acts prohibitions, for example,

  • cannot kill, harm, harass, capture or take an individual, or possess, collect, buy, sell or trade an individual or any part or derivative of such an individual
  • cannot damage or destroy the residence of one or more individuals
  • cannot destroy any part of the critical habitat identified for the species
  • cannot carry out an activity that is prohibited under an emergency order

Project proposals that may affect a species at risk must address the pre-conditions set out in section 73 of the Species at Risk Act:

  • all reasonable alternatives that would reduce the impact on the species have been considered and the best solution has been adopted
  • all feasible measures will be taken to minimize the impact of the activity on the species or its critical habitat or the residences of its individuals
  • the activity will not jeopardize the survival or recovery of the species

Information on listed species, including recovery documents and residence descriptions where available, can be found in the Species at risk public registry. In addition, applicants can consult the Aquatic species at risk maps produced by Fisheries and Oceans Canada that outlines critical habitat and distribution data for aquatic species listed under the Species at Risk Act.

Research and Collection Permits are only issued if it is compliant with the Species at Risk Act when all the pre-conditions set out in the Act have been met.

3.4.4 Animal care

All project proposals that involve the handling or manipulation of animals must include animal care protocols that have been submitted for review and approved by an institutional Animal Care Committee prior to the permit application process. Any concerns or recommendations identified during this review must be addressed. Proof of review must be submitted at the time of application by including a copy of the approved animal care protocols along with the approval letter obtained from the institutional Animal Care Committee. For clarity, handling and manipulation of animals includes, but is not limited to capturing, holding, disturbing, marking, transporting, releasing, killing or disposal of an animal.

In cases where a project proposal has not been reviewed by an institutional Animal Care Committee, the applicant will be required to answer a number of additional questions in the Project Proposal Form. This information will allow Parks Canada’s Animal Care Committee to evaluate the proposed project.

Applicants should consult the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) Guidelines and CCAC guidelines: Wildlife for further information and details on requirements, including the council’s Categories of Invasiveness in Animal Experiments.

Project proposals that involve the capture and handling of fish for the purpose of research, conservation, management, and fish salvage must also address specific requirements. Applicants should consider including the criteria listed in Appendix B – Fish Capture and Handling in their project proposal.

3.4.5 Research involving visitors or Parks Canada employees

Project proposals involving visitors or Parks Canada employees must be reviewed by an institutional Ethics Committee to ensure ethical considerations have been identified and appropriately addressed. Documentation supporting this review must also be submitted as part of the application process. Applicants are encouraged to consult the Tri-Council Policy Statement - Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans for further information. In cases where project proposals have not undergone such a review, applicants will be required to provide sufficient details in their permit application to allow Parks Canada to conduct an ethical review, which may lead to additional delays in processing the application.

In addition, project proposals that involve on site surveying or interviewing of visitors or seek to interview Parks Canada employees may require further review. Government of Canada departments and agencies are required to follow specific standards and processes related to research that seeks opinions of the public. This may influence what Parks Canada is able to permit and influence the nature of Parks Canada’s involvement in a proposed project submitted as part of a permit application. Parks Canada will determine the need for, and coordinate such reviews, as required.

3.4.6 Specific requirements for heritage areas

Some heritage areas have specific requirements such as specified time frames for submitting applications, access permits for aircraft landings, off-road travel, camping, and other activities. Applicants should consult location specific considerations or contact the appropriate research coordinator for further details.

3.4.7 Additional permits, approvals or agreements

In some cases, additional permits, approvals or agreements may be required from other federal, provincial, territorial, or Indigenous organizations before Parks Canada can process an application for a research and collection permit. Parks Canada will not approve a permit application until the applicant has obtained any additional permits, approvals or agreements when required. The process to obtain such additional requirements is potentially lengthy and could delay permit approval. Applicants are encouraged to contact the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest to discuss the need for additional approvals.

The following are Acts and regulations that are most commonly consulted, which fall outside the authority of Parks Canada, that may impact the proposed project and should be taken into consideration early in the project planning process.

When work is proposed in or around water, specific provisions of the Fisheries Act may apply to the proposed project. It is the applicant’s responsibility to understand and address the requirements of the Fisheries Act, including determining whether there is a need to obtain advice on potential effects from Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) and the requirement for obtaining any authorization from DFO. Prior to approving a research and collection permit, it must be clearly demonstrated that the proposed activities adequately meet Fisheries Act requirements if applicable.

An approval from Transport Canada may be required for proposed work in a waterway listed in the schedule of the Canadian Navigable Waters Act.

Requirements under the Migratory Birds Convention Act,1994 may also affect project timing, as the Migratory Birds Regulations prohibit the disturbance or destruction of nests and eggs of migratory birds. It is therefore important to identify nesting timing windows, particularly if the project includes the removal of vegetation that provides nesting habitat.

Additionally, depending on the nature of the research or collection activities, the provisions and associated regulations of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act may apply.

Additional information regarding these requirements can be found via responsible federal departments.

3.4.8 Mandatory requirements

In preparing a comprehensive project proposal, applicants must meet the following requirements, which will be used to determine permitting decisions and must be respected to issue a research and collection permit.

The project proposal:

  • is consistent with Parks Canada’s policies, regulations, site management plans, and applicable legislation
  • will involve Indigenous groups in all aspects of the proposed project, to the greatest extent possible
  • where applicable, has undergone an impact assessment
  • where applicable, satisfies the three preconditions under the Species at Risk Act
  • minimizes and proposes mitigation measures to minimize disruption to the heritage area's natural and cultural resources, visitors, and operations
  • where applicable, must have undergone a review by an institutional Animal Care Committee and has addressed concerns raised by the review
  • where applicable, must have been reviewed and obtained approval from an institutional Ethics Committee for research involving humans
  • where applicable, is supported by the land claim environmental impact screening board or wildlife cooperative management board of jurisdiction

3.4.9 Additional factors to consider

Further to the mandatory requirements listed above, Parks Canada encourages project proposals that include the following considerations, which could lead to a permit being issued.

The project proposal:

  • contributes information useful to an increased understanding of heritage area resources, and thereby contributes to effective management and/or interpretation and public education
  • includes the sharing of information with Parks Canada, including any reports, manuscripts, publications, maps, databases, among others
  • addresses problems or questions of importance to science or society and shows promise of making an important contribution to knowledge of the subject matter
  • involves a Principal Invesitgator and support team with experience in the proposed field of investigation and with a demonstrated ability to work cooperatively and safely to accomplish the desired tasks within a reasonable time frame
  • includes communicating results to the scientific community through scientific and scholarly publications
  • provides for the Principal Invesitgator and their team to prepare occasional summaries of findings for public use, such as heritage area or community seminars and literature
  • discusses plans for the cataloguing, conservation and care of collected natural or archaeological objects, and their deposition in a recognized institution
  • clearly anticipates logistical needs and provides detail about provisions for meeting those needs, including any requirements for construction and access (for example, equipment shed, appropriate waste management, fencing, a temporary campsite, new trail, a helipad or river crossing, among others)
  • accounts for the cost to Parks Canada for the management and maintenance of resulting archaeological or natural object collections
  • does not require substantial logistical, administrative, curatorial, or project monitoring support by Parks Canada unless Parks Canada is a key contributor
  • has identified potential health and safety issues; has proposed measures to mitigate risks; and, includes emergency contingency plans
  • is supported academically and financially, making it highly likely that all fieldwork, analyses, and reporting will be completed within a reasonable time frame
  • has a detailed, realistic project budget
  • provides sufficient lead time to allow necessary review and consultation

3.4.10 Access to information

The Access to Information Act gives Canadian citizens and people present in Canada a limited right of access to information in federal government records. The Privacy Act gives these same individuals a limited right of access to personal information about themselves held in government records and sets out rules and fair practises for the management of personal information by federal institutions. All information collected by Parks Canada is subject to these laws. It is important to understand that the information submitted in a permit application and in a Principal Investigator's Report is not confidential and will be considered public record.

Parks Canada may use this information or make it accessible in the following ways:

  • information in research and collection permit applications is distributed to other Parks Canada employees as part of the evaluation and decision process
  • as part of the peer review process, research and collection permit applications are disclosed to internal or external referees, including other government departments or agencies, to members of review committees for review, and to Indigenous governments
    • all participants in these review activities are advised of Parks Canada's expectations with regard to the confidentiality and protection of the information entrusted to them. The content of expert reviews and selection committee comments about a proposed project are accessible to applicants and co-applicants
  • information on research and collection permit applications and issued permits is maintained in a Parks Canada database that is accessible to a variety of Parks Canada employees for the purposes of administering the system
  • some research and collection permit applications are reviewed under the provisions of the Impact Assessment Act (IAA)
    • permit applications may be sent to other federal departments or may be requested by any member of the public as part of this review. Specific project information will be posted online via the Canadian Impact Assessment Registry maintained by the Canadian Impact Assessment Agency
  • information contained in permits issued for research and collection activities that may affect species listed as extirpated, endangered, or threatened under the Species at Risk Act must be posted to the Species at Risk Public Registry

3.4.11 Data management and sharing

Parks Canada encourages and promotes scientific and academic collaborations through the implementation of open science practices. Applicants are encouraged, when appropriate, to discuss opportunities with research coordinators for managing and sharing data via open data repositories that can benefit the broader scientific community and the public.

Parks Canada is subject to Government of Canada’s Policy on Service and Digital and the Directive on Service and Digital. As a result, any data and associated metadata submitted as part of the terms and conditions of a permitted project must meet the requirements outlined in the Standard on Metadata and the Standard on Geospatial Data. Data submitted to the heritage area as part of the permitted project may be incorporated into Parks Canada’s databases and may be shared via open data practices. To reduce duplication of effort, applicants should inform the appropriate research coordinator if they have shared, or will be sharing, data with another federal department or agency so that Parks Canada can access the data. In addition, Parks Canada is subject to additional rules regarding the protection of privacy of individuals when collecting data as part of projects that involve on site surveying or interviewing of visitors or Parks Canada employees. As such, any data submitted to Parks Canada from these projects must not contain any personal identifiers and all personal information must be stripped from the dataset.

Parks Canada is prepared to share data under its stewardship with permit holders, as part of permitted projects. Applicants are encouraged to explore the Government of Canada’s Open Government Portal to access Parks Canada’s open data records. Should data of interest not be available via the portal, applicants should discuss their need with the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest. Data may be shared in a number of ways, including through a data-sharing agreement that has been developed by Parks Canada and is negotiated and agreed to with the applicant.

3.4.12 Intellectual property rights

In considering the use of public funds to administer and protect heritage areas, Parks Canada recognizes the benefits attributed to the development and sharing of knowledge, as well as the importance of recognizing and protecting the intellectual efforts of its employees and collaborators.

Keeping in line with the Government of Canada’s approach to intellectual property, as outlined in the Copyright Act and Treasury Board of Canada’s Policy on Title to Intellectual Property Arising Under Crown Procurement Contracts, Parks Canada will apply the following statements concerning intellectual property rights attributed to works and data resulting from research and collection activities authorized by a research and collection permit.

Unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Parks Canada and the Principal Invesitgator (the applicant), the following statements will apply based upon the circumstances:

  1. In situations where the Principal Invesitgator is not an employee of the Government of Canada, the following statement shall apply:

    Intellectual property rights for original, value-added or derived data vests in the Principal Invesitgator. The Principal Invesitgator will grant to Canada a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, and royalty-free licence to use, copy, or translate original, value-added or derived data for government purposes. Copyright in any translation of the work made by Canada shall vest in Canada.

  2. In situations where the Principal Invesitgator is contracted by Parks Canada, the following statement shall apply:

    Copyright, patents and all other intellectual property rights in anything first conceived, developed or reduced to practice by the Principal Invesitgator under contract in the performance of the work under contract shall vest in the Principal Invesitgator. The Principal Invesitgator will grant to Canada a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, and royalty-free licence to use, copy or translate the work for government purposes. Copyright in any translation of the work made by Canada shall vest in Canada.

  3. In situations where the Principal Invesitgator is an employee of Parks Canada or another federal department or agency, the following statement shall apply:

    Intellectual property rights for the work and original, value-added or derived data vests in Canada if research is conducted in the course of the employee's duties. If research is conducted as part of an educational or other leave program whether fully or partially funded by Parks Canada, the intellectual property rights vests in the Principal Invesitgator and, in these instances, the Principal Invesitgator will grant to Canada a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, and royalty-free licence to use, copy, or translate original, value-added or derived data for government purposes. Copyright in any translation of the work made by Canada shall vest in Canada.
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4. Applying for a permit

The following sections outline the process to apply for, as well as considerations for submitting an application for a research and collection permit.

4.1 Who may apply

Any individual may apply for a research and collection permit if they meet the following criteria:

  1. Can demonstrate qualifications and experience in conducting the proposed research and collection activities
  2. Have the support of a reputable scientific or educational institution, a federal, provincial or territorial organization, or an Indigenous government, group or organization

4.2 When to apply

It is strongly recommended that applicants consult with the research coordinator responsible for the heritage area of interest early in the project planning stage to discuss the proposed project and determine the amount of time required for the approval process. This is particularly important if the project requires any assistance from Parks Canada or involves a heritage area that is co-managed with Indigenous groups.

For most projects, and where no assistance is required from Parks Canada, applicants should submit their application for a permit a minimum of 90 days before the proposed fieldwork start date to allow for dialogue with the research coordinator and sufficient time to review the project. More time may be required to review complex projects that propose work with wildlife, include extractive methods, involve any construction, may affect species at risk, have additional impact assessment requirements, and/or are likely to cause public concern.

Please note, some heritage areas have implemented a specific application window to ensure permit applications are received with sufficient time for review. Additional details can be obtained by consulting the location specific consideration.

Applicants who are applying for external funding, for example, through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) or Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), are encouraged to submit their research and collection permit application to Parks Canada at the time they apply to the funding agency. This will provide Parks Canada advance notice and additional time to work with the applicant to complete the review process in a timely manner. In some cases, information submitted in an application to a funding agency may satisfy the permit application requirements and it may be possible to simply transfer the information into either the Project Proposal Form or the application form, where applicable.

Where heritage areas are within a comprehensive land claim agreement (modern treaty) area, a longer review process may be required. This is to allow heritage area managers to meet obligations pursuant to a final comprehensive land claim agreement (modern treaty). For example, applicants wishing to work in northern national parks should contact the appropriate research coordinator early in their project planning to determine and meet any specific and additional requirements and deadlines.

4.3 How and where to apply

All applications, whether for archaeological, natural science, or social science research and collection activities, must be submitted using Parks Canada’s Research and Collection Permit application online.

The application process involves the following five steps:

Step 1
Download and complete the Project Proposal Form
Step 2
Gather required supporting documents in a single folder on a computer
  • note that the online submission will not allow applicants to select files from multiple folders
  • required documents include:
    • completed Project Proposal Form
    • copies of interim or approved animal care protocols and approval letter from an institutional Animal Care Committee. This only applies to project proposals where animal care protocols require approval from an institutional Animal Care Committee
    • as required, additional documents, authorizations, permits and licences depending on the heritage area; applicants must consult the appropriate research coordinator for details
    • as required, curriculum vitae (CV) may be requested from the Principal Invesitgator and/or collaborators to support the review of the permit application; applicants must consult the appropriate research coordinator for details
Step 3
Apply for a Research and Collection Permit and complete the online form
  • note that partially completed forms cannot be saved and only complete applications can be submitted
  • mandatory fields in this form are marked as “required” and must be completed in order to submit an application
Step 4
Attach the completed Project Proposal Form and supporting documents by using the "Choose Files" button
Step 5
Submit the application by clicking on “Submit” button at the bottom of the form

Once an application is completed and submitted, the system will automatically inform the appropriate research coordinator. At the same time, the applicant will receive a notification via e-mail confirming reception of the application. This e-mail notification will contain an application reference number, along with the contact information of the research coordinator assigned to the application as the primary contact. Applicants are to contact the research coordinator should this notification not be received. The e-mail notification will also include a unique URL link, as well as instructions on how to submit additional electronic documentation to accompany the application if required. Documents that cannot be sent because of incompatibilities can always be sent directly to the research coordinator by other means. Please contact the assigned research coordinator if any difficulties arise or if assistance is required in filling out and submitting an application.

4.4 Application review process

Once submitted, a permit application is first reviewed by the research coordinator assigned to the permit application. The research coordinator will discuss the project with the applicant to obtain any additional information, as required. Following this, the research coordinator will review the proposed project for compliance with applicable legislation, regulations, policies, and site management plans, as previously described. Any concerns at this stage must be resolved before the application will enter the next stage of review. In addition, research coordinators will initiate consultations with Indigenous groups to inform them of the proposed project, as and where required.

After verifying for compliance, a series of technical reviews are conducted by appropriate Parks Canada employees specialized in a variety of subjects and professional fields. Parks Canada may also seek input from knowledge keepers, external professionals or other subject matter experts at this stage. At any point during the review process, the research coordinator assigned to the application may consult with the applicant to verify details, express concerns and discuss mitigation or alterations to the proposed project. Only a research coordinator can make changes to an application. Should any modifications or changes to an application be required, the research coordinator assigned to the application may modify relevant sections of the application to resolve any concerns.

Following the review process, the Superintendent responsible for the heritage area will make a decision to approve or deny a permit application based on an evaluation of a variety of factors, which includes an assessment of perceived risks and benefits to the heritage area. While research coordinators will work with applicants to arrive at a mutually acceptable project design, there may be activities where no acceptable mitigating measures are possible and the application may be denied. The applicant will be informed of the rationale if a research and collection permit application is denied.

Only a research coordinator can make changes to an application once it is submitted. The research coordinator assigned to an application will contact the applicant if any modifications or changes to a project proposal are required. In conjunction with the research coordinator, the applicant has the ability to modify the relevant sections of the application to resolve any concerns. This will eliminate the need to resubmit the entire permit application. The applicant will be informed of the rationale if a Research and Collection Permit application is denied.

4.5 Permit response and issuance process

Applicants can expect to receive a notice of the approval or denial of a research and collection permit application following a minimum of 90 days after submission. In many circumstances this response period may be expedited if elements of the project proposal are worked out prior to submitting a permit application. As a result, applicants are encouraged to contact the appropriate research coordinator well in advance of submitting an application. The research coordinator can inform the applicant of any specific requirements or notices for the heritage area under their responsibility.

If the research and collection permit application is approved, the applicant will receive via e-mail a copy of the research and collection permit outlining all applicable terms and conditions for review, approval and signature. Once signed, the applicant will e-mail the signed copy of the permit to the research coordinator assigned to the file who will then obtain final approval and signature from the Superintendent and return a copy of the fully signed and approved research and collection permit. Only this fully signed copy of the permit is deemed to be valid and must be kept on hand by the permit holder while performing the permitted research and collection activities.

A research and collection permit is valid only for the activities authorized in the heritage area listed and as detailed in the permit and approved project proposal. The applicant and members of the fieldwork team must carry a copy of the valid research and collection permit at all times while performing research and collection activities in the heritage area. While conducting fieldwork, permit holders will need to show a valid research and collection permit when requested by the Superintendent, an authorized Parks Canada employee, an Indigenous guardian, Fisheries and Oceans Canada officer (in national marine conservation areas) or a police constable.

General terms and conditions are described within all research and collection permits issued (see Appendix A). Additional conditions specific to a heritage area, described under “Specific Conditions” may also be included to address unique circumstances or activities. All of these conditions must be honoured by permit holders. Failure to comply with applicable terms and conditions of the permit or heritage area regulations may lead the Superintendent to:

  • cancel or suspend existing permits
  • refuse to issue future permits
  • consider a breach as grounds for prosecution under applicable Acts and/or regulations
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5. Managing a permit

5.1 Permit amendments

Occasionally it may be necessary for the Principal Invesitgator to change some aspect of the project. Significant changes such as a change of location of the fieldwork, change of fieldwork dates, collection and sampling activities, methods, vessel route, among others, will require a permit amendment. The permit holder is required to notify the research coordinator of any proposed changes to the approved project prior to incorporating them into the fieldwork. The research coordinator may require the permit holder to submit a formal amendment, which can be sent directly to them. Please refer to the process outlined below.

Requests for significant changes such as these may require a more extensive re-evaluation of the research and collection permit’s terms and conditions, or may entail the development of a revised project proposal. In cases where changes are minor, or if the permit holder is in the field and unable to submit a formal request, it is required that the permit holder contact the research coordinator to discuss and obtain verbal approval on any changes. The research coordinator can modify the permit as agreed and issue an amended permit. Note, however, that a request for an amendment may result in the need for additional specialist reviews (for example, impact assessment, compliance with the Species at Risk Act, among others) where such reviews were not previously required.

Proposed changes to a project identified in an amendment MUST NOT be implemented until they have been approved by the research coordinator.

Amending a research and collection permit

Principal investigators needing to amend their permit must submit the following information via e-mail to the research coordinator:

  1. Permit number
  2. Application number
  3. Date
  4. Name of heritage area
  5. Name of Principal Invesitgator
  6. Nature and scope of the amendment requested
  7. Rationale for request
  8. Effects of approval or denial of the requested amendment on the project
  9. Impact of the requested amendment on natural and cultural resources or visitor/residents

Requests for amendments will be reviewed, approved or denied following the same process described in this document.

5.2 Research products and deliverables

Parks Canada is committed to keeping the public and the research community informed of research and collection activities being conducted in heritage areas. Principal investigators working in a heritage area are required, as a condition of their permit, to submit:

  • for all permits:
    • a progress/interim report sixty (60) days following the completion of fieldwork unless otherwise agreed with the research coordinator
  • for single year permits:
    • a final report (in electronic or hard copy form) no later than eight (8) months following the completion of the fieldwork, unless otherwise agreed with the research coordinator
  • for multi-year permits:
    • the Principal Investigator must submit a Principal Investigator's Report for each year of the project other than the final year
      • Principal Investigator's Reports are used to document, in a consistent manner, results, or accomplishments of research and collection activities conducted in heritage areas. Principal Investigators are responsible for the content of their report
    • a final report (in electronic or hard copy form) no later than eight (8) months following the completion of the fieldwork, unless otherwise agreed with the research coordinator

For projects involving archaeological research and collection activities, the Principal Invesitgator must submit the following additional deliverables to Parks Canada Archaeology:

  • the originals of all archaeological records: all written, graphic, visual and electronic records prepared and assembled that relate to the identification, evaluation, documentation, study, preservation, or excavation of an archaeological site or resource
  • in addition to reporting requirements set out above, the Principal Invesitgator must submit, at a minimum, one (1) hard copy of the final report
  • all data submitted must comply with Parks Canada’s archaeological data and metadata requirements

A permit holder under contract to Parks Canada is still expected to fulfil any reporting requirements defined in the terms of the contract in addition to the terms and conditions of the research and collection permit.

The information submitted in the Principal Investigator's Report may be used by heritage area managers to inform resource management decision makers, heritage area visitors, the public, and other stakeholders about the objectives and progress results of research and collection activities conducted within heritage areas.

It should be noted that the Intellectual Property clauses of the permit (see Section 3.4.12) cover all associated reports and records submitted to Parks Canada.

5.3 Other products

Depending on the type of research and collection activities being conducted and the terms and conditions outlined in an issued research and collection permit, research coordinators may request copies of field notes, data, reports, publications and/or other materials resulting from the research and collection activities conducted in heritage areas. Additional deliverables may be required of permitted projects involving Parks Canada funding or participation.

Furthermore, Parks Canada encourages communication of research findings to the public, such as through scientific and scholarly publications, various media and public programs held in heritage areas and adjacent communities. Permit holders may be asked, on a voluntary basis, to participate in heritage area events designed to inform the public of proposed and ongoing research projects conducted by Principal Invesitgators.

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Appendix A - Research and Collection Permit terms and conditions

The following terms and conditions may apply to all research and collection permits. In addition to general terms and conditions, research coordinators may include additional “Specific Conditions” to permits as required by the Superintendent of the heritage area.

General terms and conditions

Failure to comply with the applicable heritage area regulations or the terms and conditions of the permit may constitute grounds to:

  • cancel or suspend existing permits
  • refuse to issue future permits
  • may be considered as grounds for prosecution under applicable Acts and/or regulations

Permit

  • All permit holders must be in possession of a valid permit before the fieldwork commences and at other periods as stated on the permit.
  • Permits are not transferable and each member of the fieldwork team must have a copy of the valid permit in their possession.
  • The permit is valid only for the geographic location, the period, the activities, and under the terms and conditions described on the permit, unless amended and revalidated by the Superintendent.

Restrictions

  • The Superintendent may suspend, cancel, or restrict the scope of the permit.
  • The permit shall cease to be valid if the fieldwork is not started within six months of the date of issue.

Other Acts and regulations

  • The Principal Invesitgator must abide by applicable regulations and all other federal, provincial, territorial or municipal regulations applying to the heritage area or the research and collection permit.
  • The Principal Invesitgator and any team member will identify themselves and show a valid research and collection permit when requested by the Superintendent, an authorized heritage area staff member, fisheries officer, Indigenous guardian or a police constable.

Principal investigator’s responsibilities

  • Any damage resulting from a Principal Invesitgator’s activities, or those of their team, shall be reported promptly to the Superintendent. Principal investigators will be financially responsible for any damage resulting from their activities or those of their team.
  • A site or site component that has been excavated or disturbed shall be restored or conserved by the Principal Invesitgator to the satisfaction of the Superintendent.
  • The Principal Invesitgator must advise the research coordinator of any adjustments in work location, research plan and methodology, implementation schedule, or main personnel, among others, during the course of the research project.
  • Principal investigators working in a heritage area are required, as a condition of their permit, to submit, unless otherwise negotiated:
    • a report of progress sixty (60) days following the completion of the fieldwork unless otherwise agreed with the research coordinator
    • an Investigator’s Annual Report (IAR) within one year of signing the permit. In the case of a multi-year permit, the Principal Invesitgator will submit an IAR for each year of the research project
    • a final report, in electronic or hard copy form no later than eight (8) months following the completion of the fieldwork, unless otherwise agreed with the Research Coordinator
  • The reporting requirements above do not replace any reporting requirements set out in any contract between Parks Canada and the Principal Invesitgator.
  • The Principal Invesitgator will be responsible for all members of their team. All team members must observe all terms and general and specific conditions of the research and collection permit.
  • The Principal Invesitgator, and their team, shall at all times indemnify and save harmless the Crown (Canada) from and against all claims, demands, loss, costs, damages, actions, suits, or other proceedings, by whosoever made, sustained, brought or prosecuted, in any manner based upon, occasioned by, or attributable to, anything done or omitted by the Principal Invesitgator or the project personnel in the fulfillment or purported fulfillment of any of the terms and conditions of the permit. This does not apply to Principal Invesitgators or permit holders who are employees of Parks Canada.

General conditions governing archaeological research

  • The Principal Invesitgator and their team shall use Parks Canada’s applicable standards, guidelines and policies related to archaeology in conducting all archaeological research and collection activities.
  • The Principal Invesitgator must participate in or directly supervise a minimum of 75% of the archaeological research project’s fieldwork.
  • The Principal Invesitgator must ensure that the latest Parks Canada archaeological site and object numbers are used for recording purposes, as specified in Parks Canada’s applicable standards, guidelines and policies related to archaeology.
  • The Principal Invesitgator shall use archival quality recording materials for all field recordings, as specified in Parks Canada’s applicable standards, guidelines and policies related to archaeology.
  • Following completion of the archaeological research project, the Principal Invesitgator must submit to Parks Canada Archaeology:
    • the originals of all archaeological records: all written, graphic, visual and electronic records prepared and assembled that relate to the identification, evaluation, documentation, study, preservation, or excavation of an archaeological site or resource
    • in addition to reporting requirements set out in the “Principal Invesitgator’s responsibilities,” the Principal Invesitgator must submit, at a minimum, one (1) hard copy of the final report
    • all data submitted must comply with Parks Canada’s archaeological data and metadata requirements
  • Multi-year archaeological research projects require an annual research and collection permit. Permit renewal is to be negotiated with, and approved by the Superintendent, on the advice of Parks Canada Archaeology.

Archaeological objects

  • All archaeological objects:
    • remain the custodial responsibility of the Crown unless specified otherwise within a third-party custodial agreement
    • are considered to be on temporary deposit to the Principal Invesitgator until the research on the site assemblage and final archaeological research report are completed in accordance with the allotted period specified on the permit
    • while in the possession of the Principal Invesitgator, the archaeological objects will be made available to Parks Canada for research and temporary display purposes
    • will be returned to Parks Canada within one year of fieldwork completion unless otherwise negotiated with, and approved by the Superintendent, with advice from Parks Canada Archaeology
    • all excavation units, archaeological objects and records will be recorded and identified using the Parks Canada’s archaeological provenience system, and according to Parks Canada’s applicable standards, guidelines and policies related to archaeology
    • where an archaeological resource requires special treatment (for example, unique, sacred, fragile, requiring immediate conservation assistance), the Superintendent shall be immediately informed. Direction on how to proceed will be provided by Parks Canada Archaeology, with input from appropriate experts
    • conditions regarding the management, conservation, and deposition of the collection into a Parks Canada repository may be changed as circumstances warrant by the responsible Director, while adhering to provisions set forth in any custodial agreements in effect
    • the Principal Investigator will not enter into any discussions and/or agreements regarding the management, conservation, and/or deposition of the collection with a third party

Human remains

  • Where human remains and/or funerary objects are accidentally encountered, the activities in progress at the site must be suspended immediately and the Superintendent notified. The Principal Invesitgator will await further direction from the Superintendent.
  • Human remains and funerary objects recovered from an archaeological context should be treated separately from archaeological objects. Human remains cannot be the subject of property. When human remains are found on federal Crown land administered by Parks Canada, Parks Canada has a custodial responsibility, until such time as they are officially repatriated to a culturally affiliated group.

General conditions governing natural science research

  • Any natural objects collected under authority of this permit remain the property of the Crown (Canada) and are considered on loan to the permit holder. Final disposition of natural objects must be described in the Project Proposal Form unless amended by the Superintendent. Export of natural objects or specimens requires approval by the Superintendent and is subject to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), the Cultural Property Export and Import Act and the Export and Import Permits Act. Intention to export specimens must be indicated in the Project Proposal Form.
  • Only the natural objects or categories of natural objects indicated on the permit may be collected.
  • A detailed inventory of material collected will be provided to the research coordinator prior to its removal from the heritage area by the Principal Invesitgator.
  • Fossils or evidence of previous human occupation must be immediately reported to the Superintendent and must be left undisturbed upon discovery until they may be inspected by a Parks Canada palaeontologist or archaeologist.

Specific conditions

Note: Specific conditions will vary based on requirements local to the heritage area.

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Appendix B – Fish capture and handling

The Parks Canada Animal Care Committee (ACC) receives many applications each year for projects that involve the capture and handling of fish for the purpose of research, conservation, management, and fish salvage. In order to prevent delays in permitting, applicants should consider the following criteria to include in their methodology.

General
  • List all species that could potentially be captured in the system and the expected or estimated magnitude of each species (10s? 100s? 1000s?).
  • Provide gear and boat decontamination protocols if working in areas where whirling disease, zebra mussels, or other invasive organisms or disease is of concern.
  • By-catch: In addition to listing potential by-catch and potential magnitude of capture, list methods that will be used to mitigate by-catch. If avian, reptilian or mammalian by-catch is possible (for example, waterfowl entering a Fyke net), describe methodology to prevent mortality between trap checks (for example, haul-out floats, shelves, space above water to allow breathing, among others).
  • Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) Categories of Invasiveness: details on how to determine the appropriate category can be found by consulting the Categories of Invasiveness in Animal Experiments. Electrofishing is considered category “D” and most trapping methods are considered category “C”.
Capture
  • Describe nets/traps to be used (for example, length, mesh size, material, among others).
  • Describe frequency of trap/net checks. The maximum duration between checks should be 24 hours. Seine nets should be checked 3 times during daylight hours. Minnow traps should be checked at least every 12 hours.
  • Electrofishing: Provide electrofishing protocols or attach electrofishing standard operating procedure (SOP) that provides details on how and when this capture method will be used.
Handling
  • Handling: Include a complete description of how fish will be handled EACH TIME they are captured. Suggestions include: wet or gloved hands, no bug spray or sunscreen on hands, provide the maximum time the fish will be out of the water until release or euthanasia (usually 30 seconds unless supplemental oxygenated water is run across the gills).
  • Holding and Transport: Describe these activities in detail. Examples include: How will water quality be monitored during live fish holding and transport? Are supplemental water quality devices (for example, filtration, oxygenation) being provided? Ensure that holding tanks have lids to prevent fish escape. Ensure that predator and prey species are held in separate holding containers.
Holding
  • Stocking density: Investigators must provide maximum stocking density for the species if they are to be temporarily housed in tanks prior to processing or if they will be housed for longer periods of time in captivity. Stocking density should be backed up with at least one reference from the primary literature. As a general rule, the stocking density limit should be less than 0.2 kg/L.
  • If fish are to be housed in captivity for extended durations, describe captive diet, weight monitoring protocols, and planned endpoints if fish weight cannot be maintained within 5% compared to the week before.
  • Water quality monitoring: Describe how water quality will be monitored in holding or permanent tanks. What parameters are being monitored? How often are they being monitored? What are the criteria for changing the water? In permanent systems, describe the filtration system. For temporary holding, water temperature should not deviate more than 2°C from source water.
Sampling
  • Sample collection: Describe in detail materials and techniques used to gather biological samples from the fish. Be sure to describe sterilization technique if needles, scalpel blades, or other equipment is used to gather samples from multiple fish.
  • Tagging: Describe in detail the method used to tag fish (for example, fin clip, freeze branding, Carlin tags, visible implant tags, passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, internal data loggers, internal acoustic or radio tags).
Anesthesia or euthanasia
  • Anesthesia: Describe in full detail protocols for anesthesia. This includes the anesthetic to be used (for example, Tricaine-S/Syscaine (MS-222) or clove oil); the concentration to be used for anesthesia; clinical signs of anesthesia in the fish indicating when anesthesia is taking effect, when it is in an appropriate anesthetic plane for sampling, and when an overdose has occurred; when anesthetic water will be replaced and; how anesthetic water will be disposed following procedure(s).
  • Euthanasia: Every application must provide a protocol for euthanasia even if lethal collection is not intended. Accepted methods of euthanasia employ a two-step process. Step one renders the fish fully unconscious by either an anesthetic overdose or blunt force trauma to the head. Step two ensures the fish will not awaken from the unconscious state and stops vital function usually using a physical method such as decapitation, pithing the brain/spinal cord, or severing the spine.
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Appendix C – Glossary

The following glossary aims to improve understanding by providing clarity and context to some key words or expressions used in this guide and other documentation that support the Research and Collection Permit program.

Archaeological collection
Archaeological objects, samples, and archaeological records.
Archaeological conservation
All actions or processes that are aimed at safeguarding the elements of a cultural resource so as to retain its historic value and extend its physical life.
Archaeological object
An artifact, sample, or any material of archaeological interest.
Archaeological records
Any written, graphic, visual and electronic record that is prepared and assembled that relates to the identification, evaluation, documentation, study, preservation, or excavation of an archaeological site or resource, and is vital to understanding the context and significance of archaeological resources.
Archaeological research
Excavations, surveys, or inventories conducted where tangible evidence or potential tangible evidence of past human activities is located. Archaeological research also includes the collection of archaeological objects and any intrusive and non-intrusive activities conducted at an archaeological site, feature or structure. Archaeological research can take place in both terrestrial or underwater settings.
Archaeological Research Permit
A document authorizing the conduct of Archaeological Research on lands and submerged lands, under agreed upon terms and conditions as required by Parks Canada’s Cultural Resource Management Policy. Also referred to as “Permit” or “Permits.”
Archaeological resource
Any tangible evidence of human activity of historical, cultural or scientific interest, such as a feature, structure or Archaeological Object, located at or from an archaeological site or recorded as an isolated archaeological find.
Archaeological site
A place or area where tangible evidence of human activity of historical, cultural or scientific interest is or was located in situ on, below or above the ground, or lands underwater. The identification, recovery and understanding of this evidence can be achieved using archaeological research methods.
Burial Ground
A structured or unstructured resting place for human remains and includes those sites with a potential for human remains.
Cemetery
Land that is set apart for the burial of human remains.
Collection activity(ies)
Any activity that involves the capture, picking or removal of natural objects (including parts or derivatives), or that involves the removal of cultural and archaeological resources (in their entirety or in part).
Commemorative integrity
Refers to the condition or state of a national historic site when the site has retained the heritage value for which it was designated. This is the desired state for a national historic site.
Condition monitoring (archaeological)
The systematic and regular inspection or measurement of the condition of the materials and elements of an archaeological resource to determine their state, behaviour, performance and any deterioration over time.
Critical habitat
As defined in the Species at Risk Act, is habitat that is necessary for the survival or recovery of a listed wildlife species and that is identified as the species' critical habitat in the recovery strategy or in the action plan for the species.
Cultural resource
A human work, an object, or a place that is determined, on the basis of its heritage value, to be directly associated with an important aspect or aspects of human history and culture. The heritage value of a cultural resource is embodied in tangible and/or intangible character-defining elements.
Ecological integrity
With respect to a heritage area, is a condition that is determined to be characteristic of its natural region and likely to persist, including abiotic components and the composition and abundance of native species and biological communities, rates of change, and supporting processes.
Federal land
Land, including submerged land, under the administration of the Parks Canada Agency on behalf of His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister.
Fieldwork
Scientific or technical work conducted by consultants, scientists, researchers, or Parks Canada employees within heritage areas, as part of an issued Research and Collection Permit.
Funerary object(s)
Items directly associated with cemeteries, burial grounds and human remains that are considered to be part of a burial.
Heritage area
Federal lands submerged land and water, as well as buildings and structures, managed or co-managed by the Parks Canada Agency, that are:
  1. areas that have been accorded "protected" status, because of their natural or cultural qualities, through acquisition or application of land-use controls
  2. areas that have been recognized as having natural or cultural heritage value and which require some form of protected status in order to ensure their long-term protection
    And include:
    • national historic sites of Canada administered by Parks Canada (including historic canals)
    • national parks of Canada and national park reserves of Canada
    • national marine conservation areas of Canada and national marine conservation area reserves of Canada (including Saguenay -St. Lawrence Marine Park)
    • national urban parks
    • any other federal lands administered by Parks Canada (including Pingo Canadian Landmark, and submerged lands) and other places of heritage value identified in the future
Human remains
Skeletal remains, cremated remains and other traces of human bodies, within and outside recognized Cemeteries and Burial Grounds. Human Remains are not considered Cultural or Archaeological Resources.
Indigenous research
Research in any field or discipline that is conducted by, grounded in or engaged with First Nations, Inuit, Métis or other Indigenous nations, communities, societies or individuals, and their wisdom, cultures, experiences or knowledge systems, as expressed in their dynamic forms, past and present. Indigenous research can embrace the intellectual, physical, emotional and/or spiritual dimensions of knowledge in creative and interconnected relationships with people, places and the natural environment.

Whatever the methodologies or perspectives that apply in a given context, researchers who conduct Indigenous research, whether they are Indigenous or non-Indigenous themselves, commit to respectful relationships with all Indigenous peoples and communities.
Invasive (intrusive) research
Any form of manipulation of archaeological resources, natural objects, organisms or natural processes. These activities include, but are not limited to: the introduction of substances into the environment; the handling, tagging or collaring of animals; harvesting of materials; the experimental disruption or alteration of ecological processes; the disturbance of cultural or archaeological resources; and the use of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and drones in sensitive environments.
Minister
The Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency.
Natural science research
Systematic information collection and analysis activities in relation to the description and understanding of biotic and abiotic components of the natural environment, as studied within the physical, chemical, earth and related environmental, biological or other natural sciences.
Natural object
Any abiotic (as in non-living, such as soil, sand, fossils, water, ice) or biotic (as in living, such as fauna or flora) material including part thereof.
Principal investigator
The individual to whom the research permit is issued and who is accountable for compliance with the terms and conditions of the permit. The term is used interchangeably with “applicant,” “researcher,” and “permit holder.”
Research
Any undertaking intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry or systematic investigation. For the purposes of the RCPS this is described as archaeological research, natural science research, and social science research, any of which may include Indigenous Research.
Research activities
Activities that involve the investigation and production of new knowledge, including those described as archeological research, natural science research and social science research.
Research and collection permit
A document issued to Principal Invesitgator authorizing access to heritage area to conduct archaeological, natural science and social science research and collection activities on federal lands and submerged lands administered by Parks Canada under agreed upon terms and conditions. Also referred to as “permit” or “permits”.
Research coordinator
Parks Canada's primary contact for Principal Invesitgators in a heritage area. A research coordinator is responsible for administering and managing the Research and Collection Permit process in an interdisciplinary and consultative framework, for both internal and external Research.
Residence
In the context of the Species at Risk Act, means a dwelling-place, such as a den, nest or other similar area or place, that is occupied or habitually occupied by one or more individuals during all or part of their life cycles, including breeding, rearing, staging, wintering, feeding or hibernating.
Social science research
Systematic information collection and analysis of activities in relation to preferences, interests, values, and attitudes of members of the public, representatives of business or non-government organizations, and visitors on matters relating to park operations, development, management or policy; or social and economic costs, benefits and impacts of the development and operation of heritage areas. Social Science encompasses methods that are categorized by the Government of Canada as public opinion research (planned one-way collection of data which tend to include surveys, interviews (structured, semi structured) and focus groups).
Species at risk
An extirpated, endangered, or threatened species as identified in the Species at Risk Act.
Super­intendent
An officer appointed under the Parks Canada Agency Act who holds the office of Superintendent of a heritage area, and includes any person appointed under that Act who is authorized by such an officer to act on the officer’s behalf.
Terms and conditions
Are the suite of terms and conditions defined as General Conditions and Specific Conditions outlined within a Research and Collection Permit.

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